Conference Highlights

Neurology

Neurology is a field in medicine which deals with the study of the Nervous system and treatment of the respective disorders. The concerned areas of Neurology are the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), brain, blood vessels, and spinal cord. Neurology is concerned to diagnose and treat the disorders of these parts of humans. The nervous system is considered a complex system that regulates body activities. Neurology count on the scientific study of the nervous system, Neuroscience.

A physician who practices Neurology or doctor specialized in Neurology is called Neurologists. They are trained to interpret or investigate and treat the disorders related to the network of nerve cells and fibers or neurological disorders. Neurologists start with a medical history and then with the neurological examination which encompasses the evaluation of cranial nerves, sensation, cognitive function, motor strength, reflexes, coordination, and movement. They treat disorders like:

Headache disorders
Seizure disorders
Speech and Language disorders
Movement disorders
Neurodegenerative disorders
Cerebrovascular diseases

Neurology is connected to Psychiatry and Oncology. Even there is a very thin line between Neurology and Psychiatry. The discipline of neurology is widening day by day because of the advancements of Neuroscience and other Medical specialties, which is helping to tackle the neurological disorders and other diseases.

Sub-tracks:

Neurochemistry
Neuromuscular Medicine
Neurocritical Care
Neuro-Oncology
Child Neurology
Intervention Neurology
Geriatric Neurology
Stroke
Neurological infections

Market Analysis: The global neurology market is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.5 percent from $33.3 billion in 2019 to $39.4 billion in 2024. A recent WHO survey suggested that various neurological disorders collectively accounts for more than 12% of global deaths on average, and it is predicted that the number of death occurred due to neurological diseases will rise from 95 million in 2015 to approximately 103 million in 2030. In 2010, the global cost associated with neurological diseases was estimated to be US$ 2.5 trillion, and it is expected to be over US$ 6 trillion in 2030. High impacting elements such as ongoing neuro mapping research, government initiatives based on neuro science, and algorithms used in the neuro science sectors are driving the market growth.

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Neuroscience

Neuroscience is to address and research the function and structure of the nerve cells and fibers which comprises to form of the nervous system. It is a multifaceted and rapidly growing field of biology that looks into the function and structure of the brain and nervous system.

Neuroscience is a sphere where we study the combination of psychology and biology to the extent to understand the physical connection, psychological changes and study of neurological conditions with the brain, that how the brain perceives these changes and connections.

The sphere of Neuroscience encompasses cellular and molecular biology, development, evolution, biochemistry, physiology, anatomy and medical specialty of the nervous system, computational neuroscience, behavioral neuroscience, and cognitive neuroscience.

Neuroscience works closely with the field of engineering, linguistics, mathematics, medicine, psychology, physiology, computer science, and chemistry. Neuroscientists are the researchers who specialize in this branch of biology, Neuroscience, which deals with molecular, biochemistry, physiology and anatomy of the nervous system. They do their research by carrying out and framing the experiments to understand the function of the nervous system and its structure, especially associated with behavior and learning.

Neuroscience and its scope has been expanded exponentially, a consequence of new research being done in this field, from molecular and cellular studies of neurons and to do diagnostic imaging and imaging of brain responses to various changes. Neuroscience is contributing a lot to Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and other Neuro-related disciplines.

Sub-tracks:

Behavioral neuroscience
Clinical neuroscience
Computational neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience
Developmental neuroscience
Neuroimaging

Market Analysis: The study of the nervous system is linked to neuroscience. Neuroscience is diverse in terms of research fields and study subjects. The global neuroscience market is expected to reach $36.27 billion by 2024, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.49 percent from 2019 to 2024. Several government and healthcare industry efforts are expected to have an impact on overall market growth. The increased prevalence of neurological illnesses is also having an impact on the industry. In 2016, the global neuroscience market was worth USD 28.42 billion, and it is predicted to increase at a CAGR of 3.1 percent over the next five years. High-impact factors such as ongoing brain mapping research and investigation projects, government-led neuroscience efforts, and technological advancements in neuroscience-related tools and algorithms are likely to boost market expansion.

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Neuropsychiatry

Neuropsychiatry is an integral part of medicine and science which deals with mental disorders related to the nervous system. Neuropsychiatry is to study neurology and psychiatry in an integrated form. Neuropsychiatry is growing far from other fields of psychiatry and it is also interconnected with behavioral neurology and neuropsychology.

Neuropsychiatry helps the neuroscience field and is helping to give a better understanding of the psychiatry and neurological disorders in order to treat them in a far better way.

Neuropsychiatrists are the physician who has clinical experience and experience in psychiatry with knowledge of neurological disorders. Neuropsychiatrists primarily treat patients suffering from brain malfunctions. Neuropsychiatrists treats these condition with the help of some tools: functional magnetic resonance tomography (fMRI), clinical neurogenetics, magnetic resonance angiography, neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and neural network theory.

Neuropsychiatry addresses these various conditions under it: patients of Parkinson's with delusion and hallucinations, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and other conditions as well.

Sub-tracks:

Psychiatric genetics
Psycho-oncology
Mind/brain monism
Psychiatric epidemiology
Cultural and religious considerations
Mental well-being and mental illness

Market Analysis: Psychiatric and neurological illnesses are becoming increasingly prevalent in society, owing to rising prevalence of these disorders in adolescents and children, as well as changing demographics. Neuropsychiatric illnesses are the leading cause of decreased quality of life and decreased ability to perform. Neuropsychiatric illnesses are responsible for more than 42% of years spent with a disability in Europe. During the anticipated period, the Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Treatment Market is expected to develop at a CAGR of 6.2 percent. The global market for neuropsychiatric drugs was valued at US$ 14,448.6 million in 2019, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2 percent from 2019 to 2030. Neuropsychiatric disorders are the most common among those over 65. Some of the important factors driving the growth of the neuropsychiatric medicines market are the rising prevalence of neuropsychiatric illnesses globally and the rising desire for better treatment.

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Central Nervous System

The central nervous system or CNS comprises the brain and spinal cord. It is part of our nervous system and it is termed as central because it is a center that receives information, coordinates it and influences the activity of the whole body. It controls our breathing, thoughts, heart rate, emotions, movement, body temperature, the release of some hormones and other parts as well.

The CNS composed of white and gray matter. This can be found in the brain which is encased by the skull. The outer cortex of the brain contains gray matter and white matter in the tract. White matter works as a connector which connects the various location of nerve cell bodies and carries nerve impulses between neuron. White matter consists of myelinated axons. Gray matter is made of neuropil, neuronal cell bodies, glial cells, synapses, and capillaries. The difference between gray matter and white matter is that the latter contains few myelinated axons and numerous cell bodies, while white matter contains few cell bodies and more long-range myelinated axon tracts.

There are various CNS diseases and conditions. CNS infection causes encephalitis and poliomyelitis, neurological disorders like ADHD, autism, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and other, genetic disorders as Krabbe's disease and Huntington's disease.

Sub-tracks:

White and gray matter
Spinal cord
Brain
Cranial nerves
Difference from the peripheral nervous system
Clinical significance

Market Analysis: By 2025, the global market for CNS therapeutics is anticipated to reach USD 128.9 billion. The market is growing because to the rising frequency of mental illnesses and increased awareness of psychiatric problems. In addition, the global demand for CNS treatments is growing due to the growing geriatric population and the increased prevalence of lifestyle-related CNS illnesses. In 2016, global mental health therapies revenue accounted for 48% of total revenue, and it is predicted to expand at a high rate between 2016 and 2025,by 2020, the global market for central nervous system pharmaceuticals was worth $82 billion. In 2017, the United States was the largest country in the market, accounting for about 30% of total market share, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.9% over the projected period. The industry is primarily driven by advancements in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug discovery approaches. Furthermore, with the rising frequency of CNS diseases linked to sedentary lifestyles and chronic mental disorders, the number of patients is predicted to rise.

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Pediatric Neurology

Pediatric Neurology or Child Neurology covers the abnormalities of CNS, PNS, brain and spinal cord of the children. The disorders related to above in infants and adolescents are considered under this area of Neurology.

Some conditions under Pediatric Neurology or Child Neurology are:

Sleep disorders
Behavioral disorders
Childhood epilepsy
Cerebral palsy
Concussion and Migraine
Neonatal neurology
Degenerative disorders

Child neurologists are one who specializes in Child neurology to diagnose and treat various disorders that occurs in infants, children, and adolescents.

Sub-tracks:

Neuro-Oncology
Pain
Psychological disorders
Case reports
Childhood epilepsy
Neonatal neurology

Market Analysis: Pediatric neurology is a specialty of medicine that deals with neurological problems in kids, such as sleeplessness, speech disorders and headaches. The number of children with neurological abnormalities is steadily increasing. Approximately 600 distinct nervous system illnesses have been identified around the world. During the projected period, 2017-2023, the pediatric neurology devices market is expected to increase at a CAGR of 6.3 percent. The worldwide pediatric neurology device market is dominated by North America. Furthermore, market expansion is supported by factors such as widespread adoption of technologically improved medical equipment, increased governmental support for R&D activities, and high spending in neurological care. The market is predicted to rise exponentially by 2030, thanks to the rising prevalence of neurological diseases in youngsters. Another lucrative market for paediatric neurology devices is Europe. The market is growing as a result of a growing focus on the development of advanced diagnostic equipment and increased government assistance for R&D activities. The Asia Pacific region is quickly emerging as another viable market for paediatric neurology products.

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Neurophysiology

Neurophysiology is defined as the study of physiology and function of the nervous system. It is to study the functional properties of nerves, glia, and neural networks. Neurophysiology is a part of neuroscience and physiology. Electrophysiological or molecular biological tools are often used in Neurophysiology. Some other researchers define neurophysiology as a study of brain cells.

It is related to mathematical neuroscience, neurochemistry, electrophysiology, neuroanatomy, clinical neuroscience, and biophysics. Neurophysiology uses biological techniques for neurophysiological researches.

Sub-tracks:

Neurophysiology of Pain
Surgical Neurophysiology
Systemic Neurophysiology
Neurochemistry
Neurophysiology Facilitation of Respiration
Clinical neurophysiology
Metabolic Disorders in Neurophysiology

Market Analysis: The global neurophysiology devices and equipment market is predicted to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.7% from $1.3 billion in 2020 to $1.4 billion in 2021. Geographically, the global neurophysiology market is divided into five regions - North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Companies are resuming operations and adapting to the new normal as they recover from the COVID-19 impact, which had previously resulted in restrictive containment measures such as social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities, all of which created operational challenges. At a CAGR of 5.7 percent, the market is estimated to reach $1.75 billion in 2025.

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Neuroimmunology

Neuroimmunology is the study of links between neuroscience and immunology both fields of medicine. It deals with relation to the central nervous system or nervous system with immunology. The term Neuroimmunology is coined in the 1960s. In various Neurological disorders, neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation have played a major role in understanding the etiology of these disorders.

Neuroimmunologists are the individuals who are supposed to understand these two complex disciplines and draw various conclusions to find the exact causes of the change happening during various neurological disorders, neurological disease, or neurological injury. This research area is rapidly developing and providing us the basic and complex both information to advance the researches of Neurology and Neuroscience to treat neurological disorders in a better way to save many lives.

Sub-tracks:

Neuroinflammation
Research in neuroimmunology
Auto Immune Neuropathies
Neuroimmunological disorders

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Neuropathology

Neuropathology, being an integral part of anatomic pathology, is to study the nervous system diseases. This study can be in smaller surgical biopsies or can be studied as whole-body autopsies. Neuropathology has been involved in and playing a key role in characterizing the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.

Neuropathology has played a key role in providing major insights into the pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis and neuropathology of neurodegenerative disorders in an adult include nonspecific and disease-specific changes.

Neuropathologists are the physician having specialization in autonomic pathology but they have undergone training of neuropathology for an additional two years. Neuropathologists can handle autonomic pathology, autonomic pathology testing on nervous system tissues as well as neurological or neuromuscular pathology.

Sub-tracks:

Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative disorders
Neuropathology of Aging
Neuropathology of Neuro-Oncology
Neuropathology of Brain Tumor
Neuropathological techniques
Treatment and advancement in neuropathology
Neuropathology approaches
Clinical Neuropathology
Functional Neuroanatomy

Market Analysis: The disease of nerves that causes pain and numbness in the limbs is known as neuropathology, and it is gaining popularity in this industry. The global neuropathology market is growing due to an increase in the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases and technical developments in medical diagnostic instruments. During the forecast period 2017-2023, the Neuropathology Market is expected to develop at a CAGR of around 6%. By 2027, the Neurology Devices Market will be worth $ 21.02 billion, with a 10.2% compound annual growth rate. The escalating incidence of neurological illnesses, substantial investments by private companies in neurology equipment, increased R&D in the field of neurotherapy, and the ageing population are all driving the market forward.

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Neurodegenerative disease and Neurodegeneration

Neurodegenerative disease is the group of condition or disease which mainly affect the neurons of the brain. The neurons are the building block of the brain and spinal cords or nervous system. Neurons are irreplaceable as they cannot replicate or reproduce after suffering damage which eventually death of the neuron.

Neurodegeneration is a loss in the structure and function of neurons.

Aging is the main cause of neurodegenerative disease. Neurodegenerative disease progress with age as the neurons become less functional. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutation, and other factors lead a human body to age. Genetics, protein folding, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, programmed cell death, protein degradation pathways and other leads to the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. The cure of neurodegenerative disease is not yet discovered as causes of most of the cases are still a mystery.

Sub-tracks:

Batten disease
Huntington's disease
Parkinson's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Alzheimer's disease
Motor neuron disease

Market Analysis: Neurodegenerative diseases refer to a group of brain disorders that lead to progressive degeneration of the structure and function of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS). The global neurodegenerative disease treatment market grew at a CAGR of around 8% during 2015-2020.
The Neurodegenerative Disease market was worth around USD 39.24 billion in 2020, and is predicted to reach USD 44.90 billion in 2026, with a CAGR of 2.30 percent.The global neurodegenerative disorder therapeutics market is predicted to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9% from $14.08 billion in 2020 to $15.19 billion in 2021. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $20.15 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 7%.

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Neurological Disorders

Neurological disorders are defined as disorders that affect the brain, spine and nerves throughout the human body. It is either associated with CNS or PNS or both. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities can cause a wide range of neurological problems which eventually might lead to different types of mild to severe neurological disorders.

Neurological disorders have different causes and symptoms. Most of them start or emerge during the early stage of life or maybe diagnosed at birth. The symptoms of Neurological disorders vary in each disorder. Congenital causes, gene abnormalities, metabolic disorders, prenatal causes, nutritional deficiencies, complications during childbirth, acquired causes, immune disorders, traumatic brain injury, and toxins are some of the causes of Neurological disorders.

Some neurological disorders are:

Parkinson's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS
Brain tumors
Epilepsy
Stroke
Peripheral Neuropathy
Key treatment methods of Neurological disorders:

Neuroimaging techniques to diagnose
Brain mapping
Cognitive therapy treatment
Pain management
Physiotherapy
Deep brain stimulation
There are various other methods to treat these lifelong neurological disorders.

Sub-tracks:

ALS
Epilepsy
Parkinson's Disease
Brain Aneurysm
Spinal Cord Tumor
Memory Disorders
Multiple Sclerosis
Arteriovenous Malformation
Headache
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae
Stroke
Brain Tumors
Peripheral Neuropathy
Post-Herpetic Neuralgia

Market Analysis: The global neurology market is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.5 percent from $33.3 billion in 2019 to $39.4 billion in 2024. Anticholinergic, antiepileptic, antipsychotic, hypnotic & sedative, analgesics, antihypertensive, anticoagulants, and others are the drug types that make up the global neurological diseases treatment market. According to a study, an estimated 5.4 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer's disease, and someone in the United States acquires the condition every 68 seconds.Due to key driving factors such as increasing prevalence of neurological disorders, developing healthcare infrastructure, rising awareness associated with neurological diseases, which is fueling the rate of diagnosis, and mounting accessibility of modern treatments in developing countries such as China, India, and Indonesia, Asia Pacific was identified as the fastest growing region between 2021 and 2029. According to the report, the global market for neurological disease pharmaceuticals was worth US$ 70 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5% from 2019 to 2027.

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Sleep Disorder

The group of condition which changes or alters or hinders the normal pattern of sleep comes under Sleep disorders. This disorder can affect our overall health and make us prone to stress and anxiety. There are various causes for sleep disorders like medical conditions (heart disease, lung disease, and nerve disorder), mental disorder, genetics, not enough sleep, stress, anxiety, irregular sleep, medicines, and aging. Sometimes the reason for a sleep disorder is unknown as these disorders are very complex.

Depression, lack of concentration, fatigue in the daytime, difficulty in sleeping, and anxiety are the symptoms of sleep disorders. Some types of sleep disorders are insomnia, parasomnias, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. For the diagnosis of sleep disorders, the doctor goes through the patient's medical history and some tests. These tests include genetic blood testing, electroencephalogram, polysomnography, breathing rate, and eye movements. Sleep disorders can be treated by good sleeping habits, medical treatments, by changing lifestyle, and relaxation techniques.

Sub-tracks:

Insomnia
Sleep Apnea
Parasomnias
Narcolepsy
Obstructive sleep apnea
Restless legs syndrome
Sleepwalking
Jet lag

Market Analysis: Sleep disturbance, also known as somnipathy, is a medical illness in which the sleep cycle is disrupted. It can also be defined as a group of disorders that have a regular impact on sleep patterns. Sleep disturbances can be caused by a variety of circumstances, including health problems and high stress levels. During the forecast period, the worldwide sleep disorders treatment market is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly 7.1 percent. Sleep disorders are becoming more common around the world, and rising stress levels, a growing geriatric population, and increased understanding about various treatment choices for this illness are all likely to drive the industry forward.North America currently dominates the market for sleep disorders, and it is anticipated to do so for a few more years. The market is expected to be driven by rising demand for sleep disorder treatment in the United States and Canada, rising prevalence of sleep disorders, more awareness, and high healthcare spending. From USD 7,852.54 million in 2020 to USD 14,732.08 million in 2028, the global sleep disorder treatment market is predicted to increase at an annual rate of 8.4% from 2021 to 2028.

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Movement Disorders

Movement disorders, a neurological condition, in which an abnormal increase or reduction in movement is observed, which is voluntary or involuntary. Movement disorder is divided into two categories:

Hyperkinetic movement disorders: It is the involuntary movement which hinders the normal movement of motor activity of the body. It refers to repetitive movement or dyskinesia.

Hypokinetic movement disorders: It is the slow motion of the body parts or motor activity. As it refers to hypokinesia - reduced amplitude of movement, akinesia – lack of movement, rigidity, and bradykinesia – slow movement.

Some movement disorders are:

Ataxia
Cervical Dystonia
Chorea
Huntington's disease
Multiple system atrophy
Parkinson's disease

Treatment of these disorders depends on movement disorders.

Sub-tracks:

Parkinson's disease
Progressive Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia
Dystonia
Blepharospasm
Parkinson plus syndromes
Secondary Parkinsonism
Cerebral palsy

Market Analysis: Neurological diseases and syndromes that impact the ability to create and govern movement are known as motor system disorders or Movement Disorders. This condition mostly affects the brain, spinal cord, and nerves throughout the body, resulting in cerebrovascular disorders, adult degenerative diseases, and other complications. The primary growth drivers of the movement disorder market are the recent development of efficient and advanced technology, rising prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders, patent expiration of several bestseller medications, and the appearance of new technologies globally.The increasing cost of research and development, on the other hand, is a major barrier for the worldwide Musculoskeletal Diseases market. From 2021 to 2030, the global market for motor system disorders is expected to grow at a CAGR of 9.80%. Because of the high frequency of the illness, increased awareness among the patient population, and technological improvements, North America held a considerable market position in the worldwide neurological movement disorders market in 2020.

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Parkinsons Disease

Parkinson's disease, a movement disorder, is a progressive neurological disorder, the condition progresses over time. In Parkinson's disease, the cells which are responsible to secrete dopamine begin to die. Dopamine is responsible for the smooth functioning of the muscle of the body. Dopamine is secreted by the cells of the substantia nigra, a part of the brain.

Parkinson's disease symptoms including the change in voice, slurry voice, tremor, slow movements, anosmia, balancing problem, stiffness of arms, legs and trunks, facial expression start to change, and loss of sense of smell. These symptoms are due to a decrease in levels of dopamine leading to abnormal brain activity.

The cause which leads to low levels of dopamine is not yet clear. But there are many factors which lead to Parkinson's disease, maybe genetic factors and environmental causes. As there is no specific test to diagnose Parkinson's disease, a dopamine transporter test scan can be used.

Sub-tracks:

Signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Secondary Parkinsonism
Parkinsonian gait
Brain cell death
Parkinsonism
Bradykinesia
Parkinson’s care, rehabilitation, and treatments

Market Analysis: In the United States, it is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.The global Parkinson's disease treatment market is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 6.1 percent from USD 4.24 billion in 2017 to USD 5.69 billion in 2022. The market is being driven by the growing ageing population and government financing for Parkinson's disease research. The Parkinson's disease (PD) market is predicted to develop significantly in the next seven years, with a 12.6 percent compound annual growth rate starting in 2019. (CAGR). Parkinson's disease is expected to affect 1.2 million people in the United States by 2030, according to the National Institute of Health.

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Neuromuscular Disease

Neuromuscular disease encompasses various disease and disorders which affects the nerves that control muscle function and neuromuscular system. Neuromuscular disorders can generate difficulties with the nerves carrying information back to the brain, nerves that control voluntary muscles, and transmission between nerve and muscles. These disorders can make the muscles weak and may lose functioning as well.

Some signs and symptoms of neurological disorders or neurological disease are muscle loss, muscle weakness, double vision, trouble breathing and swallowing, numbness, balancing problem, and movement issues. Signs and symptoms for some of the neurological disorders can be visible in the infant stage as well. In general, there is no cure for these disorders. But prevention, prognosis, and management of these diseases vary according to the severity and types of these disorders.

Sub-tracks:

Spinal muscular atrophy
Myasthenia gravis
Researches on Neuromuscular disease and disorders
Myositis, including polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Myopathy
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Neuromuscular Disorders
Multiple sclerosis
Neuromuscular disease causes and risk factors
Autoimmune disorders
Peripheral neuropathy
Muscular dystrophy

Market Analysis: The global neuromuscular disorders therapeutics market is expected to increase by USD 6.05 billion from 2019 to 2023, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 14% from 2021 to 2023. A number of innovative therapies for the treatment of diverse indications have been approved in the neuromuscular disorders therapeutics market. This is primarily owing to advanced study on severely morbid and progressive indications.One of the major neuromuscular illnesses for which treatment approvals have been granted is spinal muscular atrophy. During the period 2019-2023, the global neuromuscular disease treatments market would rise by USD 6.05 billion.

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Speech Disorders

Speech is the process of producing specific sounds that convey meaning to the listener. A speech disorder refers to the conditions in which an individual has problems in creating or forming the speech sounds needed to communicate with others. The act of speaking requires the specific coordination of multiple body parts, including the brain, neck, chest, and abdomen.

Speech disorders can affects both adults and children. Many children will experience a temporary delay in speech and language development. Most will eventually catch up. Others will continue to have difficulty with communication development.

Causes of speech disorders include:

Brain damage due to a stroke or head injury
Muscle weakness
Damaged vocal cords
A degenerative diseases
Dementia
Cancer that affects the mouth or throat
Autism
Down syndrome
Hearing loss

Sub-track

Childhood apraxia of speech
Orofacial myofunctional disorders
Articulation disorders
Receptive disorders
Autism-related speech disorders
Resonance disorders
Selective mutism
Dysarthria
Diagnosis and Speech Therapy

Market Analysis: The speech disorder market is predicted to increase as a result of key driving factors such as rising neurological disorders, rising birth rates of speech abnormalities, and rising speech disorder services. Growing technology advancements are predicted to provide new approaches, goods, and services to treat speech impairments, giving the market room to expand. For the projection period of 2021-2028, the speech impairment market would grow at a CAGR of roughly 3.81 percent. The rising prevalence of brain injuries, tumours, and Parkinson's diseases, as well as increased focus on medical device research and development and adoption of advanced healthcare technologies, as well as rising expenditure on healthcare infrastructure development, particularly in developing economies, are all contributing to the growth of the speech impairment market. The market for speech disorders is divided into three categories: category, patient type, and service provider. The market is divided into apraxia, cluttering, dysarthria, neurological speech problem, and others based on kind.

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Demyelinating Disorders

The damage of the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers in brain, optic nerves and spinal cord leads to development of demyelinating disorders. The damaged myelin sheath makes the nerve impulses slow or even stop, causing neurological problems. Demyelination causes neurological deficits, such as vision changes, weakness, altered sensation, and behavioral or cognitive problems. Demyelination can occur at any age.

Symptoms of demyelinating diseases include

Loss of vision
Numbness or tingling of upper or lower limbs
Weakness of the arms or legs
Poor coordination/gait problem
Trouble walking
Difficulty in swallowing
Slurred speech
Deceased bowel or bladder control
Impaired memory
Mood or behavioral changes
Genetic mutations, infectious agents, autoimmune reactions, Vitamin B12 deficiency and other unknown factors results in dysmyelination.

Sub-track

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Balo’s Disease
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy
Neuromyelitis Optica
Schilder’s Disease
Transverse Myelitis
Diagnosis and treatment

Market Analysis: In the forecast period of 2020 to 2027, the global market for demyelinating disorders treatments is expected to increase. The myelin sheath, a protective layer that surrounds nerve fibres in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord, is damaged in demyelinating illnesses. The market for demyelinating disorders therapies is divided into immunomodulators, immunosuppressants, interferons, and others based on medication class. The market for demyelinating disorders therapies is divided into two segments: oral and parenteral. he demyelinating disorders therapeutics market is divided into hospitals, homecare, specialty clinics, and others based on end users. The market for demyelinating disorders therapeutics has been divided into three categories based on distribution channels: hospital pharmacy, online pharmacy, and retail pharmacy.

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Cerebrovascular Disorders

Cerebrovascular disorder refers to the condition in which blood flow in the brain is blocked or limited for temporarily or permanently. It includes all disorders in which an area of the brain is affected by ischemia or bleeding. Restrictions in blood flow may occur from vessel narrowing clot formation, blockage or hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular disease can develop from a variety of causes such as atherosclerosis, embolic arterial blood clot, cerebral venous thrombosis, blood vessel damage, and hypertension. There are also many less common causes of cerebrovascular disease, including those that are congenital or idiopathic and include CADASIL, aneurysms, amyloid angiopathy, arteriovenous malformations, fistulas, and arterial dissections.

Common symptoms include:

A severe and sudden headache
Hemiplegia
Hemiparesis
Confusion
Slurred speech
Vision loss on one side
loss of balance
Loss of conciousness
Sub-track

Stroke
Carotid stenosis
Vertebral stenosis
Intracranial stenosis
Cerebral aneurysm
Vascular malformations
Psychological therapy
Occupational therapy
Emergency Medicine

Market Analysis: During the forecast period, the worldwide cerebrovascular disease treatment market is expected to develop at a significant CAGR of 5.9%. The advancement of technology and the rising occurrence of strokes are two main factors driving the growth of the cerebrovascular disease treatment market. The cerebrovascular disorders market may be divided into four key regions based on geography: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World (RoW). North America leads the global market for cerebrovascular illness, followed by Europe. During the projected period 2021-2027, the global "Cerebrovascular Disease Market" is expected to develop at a stable rate.

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Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders

Immune system protects the human body from disease and infection. However incase of autoimmune disease, immune system attacks healthy cells in the body by mistake. There are many systemic disorders with possible involvement of the nervous system with presumed inflammatory and autoimmune pathomechanisms. Abnormal inflammatory response is closely associated with in autoimmune diseases. These inflammations cause impaired functioning, resulting in neurological or psychiatric symptoms. Multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome are some of the most well known neurological diseases induced by abnormal autoimmunity.

The exact cause of immune-system misfire is unknown although some people are more likely to get an autoimmune disease than others. Certain autoimmune diseases, like multiple sclerosis and lupus is hereditary. Not every family member will necessarily have the disease, but they inherit a susceptibility to an autoimmune condition. As the incidence of autoimmune diseases is rising, researchers are also investigating environmental risk factors like infections and exposure to chemicals. Autoimmune disorders of the nervous system may affects both CNS and PNS, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscle.

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Guillain-Barré syndrome
Autoimmune encephalitis
Myasthenia Gravis
NMO Spectrum Disease
Immune-Mediated Myopathies
Immune-Mediated Neuropathies
Novel Targeted Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases
Antigen-Specific Immunosuppression

Market Analysis: The global autoimmune disease therapeutics market was worth $109,833 million in 2017, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.2 percent from 2018 to 2025, to reach $153,320 million. An autoimmune illness is a condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys its own body tissue. During the forecast period, the autoimmune disease diagnostics market is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly 8.3%. Rising global awareness of autoimmune disorders as a result of research, education, support, and advocacy activities is a major reason driving up the use of autoimmune disease diagnostics. The global autoimmune disease diagnosis market is estimated to increase at a CAGR of 8.9% from USD 4.1 billion in 2020 to USD 6.3 billion in 2025. The global autoimmune disease therapeutics market was worth $109,833 million in 2017, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.2 percent from 2018 to 2025, to reach $153,320 million. From 2018 to 2025, the global autoimmune disease treatments market is estimated to increase at a CAGR of 4.2 percent, from about $109.83 billion in 2017 to $153.32 billion in 2025.

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Neuropathy

Neuropathy, this term indicates damage or dysfunction of one or more nerves that typically results in numbness, tingling, muscle weakness and pain in the affected area. Neuropathy is mostly called as peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral nervous system is the network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. Neuropathy results when nerve cells, called neurons, are damaged or destroyed, as it disrupts the way the neurons communicate with each other and with the brain. Neuropathy can either affect one nerve (mononeuropathy) or nerve type, a combination of nerves in a limited area (multifocal neuropathy) or many peripheral nerves throughout the body (polyneuropathy).The peripheral nervous system is made up of three types of nerves, sensory nerves carry messages from the five senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) through the spinal cord to the brain. On the other hand motor nerves travel in the opposite direction of sensory nerves. They carry messages from brain to muscles. Motor nerves are responsible for movement coordination. Autonomic nerves are responsible for body functions by direct control, such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, bladder control and sexual arousal.

Health conditions that can cause peripheral neuropathy include

Autoimmune diseases
Diabetes
Infections
Inherited disorders
Tumors
Bone marrow disorders
Vitamin deficiencies
Brain and Spine injury

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Diabetic neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy
Cranial neuropathy
Autonomic neuropathy
Focal neuropathy

Market Analysis: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it was estimated that there would be 285 million diabetics by 2010 in the world. This estimate is projected to increase by 65% to become 438 million in the year 2030. Thus, rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus is expected to increase the population of patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy. The global diabetic neuropathy market size was valued at USD 3.61 billion in 2018 and is projected to reach USD 7.12 billion by 2026, exhibiting a CAGR of 8.9% during the forecast period. By 2030, all of these cases are predicted to rise. The Diabetic Neuropathy Market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 8.9% till 2026. The market was valued USD 3.61 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow at an annual rate of 8.9% from 2019 to 2026. The global peripheral neuropathy market was worth US$ 1,470.9 million in 2016, and is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 3.2 percent from 2017 to 2025, reaching US$ 1,998.8 million.

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Cognitive Neuroscience

Cognitive neuroscience investigates the cognitive function that emerges from the physiochemical activity of neurons in the brain. It is associated with the study of the biological processes and various aspects that trigger cognition, with an explicit focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved with mental processes. This is definitely at the intersection of psychology and neuroscience. Research in this field mostly focuses on the neural mechanisms of perception, selective attention, memory, language, emotion and consciousness for the better understanding the patients with brain damage and also to understand how the healthy brain changes with aging.

Market Analysis: During the forecast period, the Neuroscience market is expected to increase at a CAGR of roughly 4.1 percent. Rising illness burden of brain-related disorders, innovation in the field of neuroscience and neuro-technology, and increasing R&D spending and government support are some of the factors driving market expansion.

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Motor System Disorders

The term motor disorders refer to a group of disorders caused by the malfunctions or damage of the nervous system which results in involuntary or uncontrollable movements or actions of the body. These disorders manifest lack of movement coordination or an excess of involuntary movement.

Symptoms of motor disorders include
•   Tremors
•   Gait problems
•   Spasms and dystonia
•   Spasticity
•   Cognitive and behavioral problems
•   Swallowing and speaking difficulties

Pathological changes in certain areas of the brain are the foremost causes of most motor disorders. Besides that it could also cause due to some chronic diseases such as overactive thyroid, Iron deficiency, Neurodegenerative conditions etc. Some of the inherited genetic defects also lead to onset of motor disorders.

Sub-track
•   Motor neuron disease (MND)
•   Ataxia
•   Dystonia
•   Essential Tremor
•   Huntington's Disease
•   Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)
•   Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
•   Rett Syndrome
•   Spasticity
•   Tourette Syndrome
•   Wilson's Disease
•   Physiotherapy
•   Occupational therapy
•   Deep brain stimulation

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Behavioral Neurology

The impact of neurological damage and disease on behaviour, memory, and cognition is studied in behavioural neurology, a specialisation of neurology. Neuropsychiatry and neuropsychology are two areas related to behavioural neurology. Three types of clinical syndromes are covered by behavioural neurology: 1) brain diseases impacting cognition and behaviour, both diffuse and multifocal 2) Neurobehavioral syndromes linked with localised brain lesions, and 3) neurological illnesses with neuropsychiatric symptoms. These syndromic categories can be split into neurodegenerative) and systemic toxic-metabolic brain illnesses based on their aetiology. A behavioural neurologist investigates and treats cognitive and behavioural problems caused by a brain illness or damage.

Sub-tracks:
•   Cognitive Rehabilitation
•   Geriatric Behavioral Neurology
•   Childhood-Onset Neurobehavioral Disorders
•   Neuropsychiatry
•   Autoimmune and inflammatory encephalopathies
•   Meningoencephalopathy
•   Prion disorders

Market Analysis:The global market for behavioural neurology is predicted to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.5 percent from $33.3 billion in 2019 to $39.4 billion in 2024. The availability of a disproportionately high number of products and services in behaviour analysis utilising various animal models is projected to fuel this segment's growth. Because of its applicability in chronic brain dysfunction analysis utilising static markers, neural activity implants are projected to account for significant increase in the segment of stereotaxic procedures.

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Computational Neuroscience

Computational neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that investigates brain function using mathematical techniques and theories. It is an interdisciplinary discipline that focuses on the construction, simulation, and analysis of multi-scale models and theories of brain function, ranging from molecules to cells and networks, and finally to cognition and behaviour. In order to understand how the nervous system processes information, it can also include various methodologies from electrical engineering, computer science, and physics. Computational neuroscience's ultimate goal is to explain how electrical and chemical signals in the brain are used to represent and interpret information. It covers biophysical computation mechanisms in neurons, computer simulations of neural circuits, and learning models.The study of brain dynamics can be separated further into two streams. One school of thought, epitomised by Hodgkin and Huxley's work, focuses on the biophysics of single neurons. The other is concerned with the dynamics of networks, namely phenomena that arise from the interconnections of neurons. As a result, there are three subspecialties in computational neuroscience: neural coding, neurobiophysics, and neural networks.

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•   Computational Vision
•   Neural Circuits and Neural Coding
•   Neuro AI
•   Statistical Analysis of Neural Data
•   Neural Models and Theory
•   Neuromorphic engineering, and Robotics
•   Brain–computer Interfaces
•   Neuroinformatics

Market Analysis : Because of the high market prices of instruments used in neuro-analytical investigations, the instrumentation for neuroscience market in technological components accounted for the greatest market share in terms of revenue. Because of developments in the creation of effective data tracing and manipulation algorithms, data analysis and software tools are expected to increase significantly throughout the projection period. Over the next five years, the Neuroscience Market will increase at a CAGR of 4.1 percent. Computational neuroscience is one of neuroscience's fastest-growing subfields. To make sense of the reams of data produced by newer large-scale recording technologies, new analysis and modelling tools are urgently needed.

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Neurogenetics

Neurogenetics is a new field of science that aims to better understand the causes of brain and nerve illnesses by utilising current developments in genome sequencing. A branch of research aimed at better understanding the genetic roots of mental illnesses. The role of genetics in the development and function of the nervous system is studied in neurogenetics. It treats neural traits as phenotypes and is based on the observation that individuals' neurological systems, even within the same species, are not always identical. As the name implies, it incorporates elements from both neuroscience and genetics research, with a special focus on how an organism's genetic code influences its manifested features. Neurogenetics is used to investigate neurological illnesses, behaviour, and personality. Neurogenetics is also assisting in the advancement of the individualised clinical care paradigm. Physicians can build highly personalised treatment programmes for each patient based on a thorough understanding of their genetic profile and medical history.

Sub-tracks:
•   Autism spectrum disorder
•   Brain malformations
•   Developmental delay
•   Intellectual and cognitive disability
•   Neurologic disorders in children
•   Pediatric Genetic Counseling.
•   Molecular diagnosis and therapeutic approaches
•   Gentetic testing and screening

Market Analysis : According to Persistence Market Research's newest research, the neurogenetic testing market is expected to develop at a CAGR of 7% from 2021 to 2031. Neurogenetic disorder is caused by a mutation in one or more genes that impact the neurological system. Dementia, genetic neuropathy, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and other neurological illnesses are examples. Advancements in DNA sequencing technology and increased research in the life science area are driving the Neurogenetic Testing market. These techniques provide a precise therapy plan for the disease. The increasing frequency of neurological illnesses, public awareness of genetic screening, availability of current diagnostic technologies, and increased life science R&D are the main drivers of demand for neurogenetic testing. DNA sequencing is undergoing a number of technological breakthroughs.

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Child Psychology

Child psychology is a subfield of psychology, concerned with how a child's psychological development changes from conception and before, through infancy and childhood, to adolescence and adulthood.

Numerous ailments throughout life cause mental issues because, as we know, psychological well-being is the absence of mental illness. Few juveniles and children experience mental illness. If left untreated, these conditions have an effect on the healing process.

Some people have even questioned if mental illness is real. We'll discuss the most recent concerns with children's mental health as well as research on emotional wellness screening and assessment methods, how the environment affects children, the role of parents in their development, and the psychological characteristics of young children.

The significance of child psychology:

•   To better comprehend a child
•   To understand the psychologically based issue
•   To effectively and meaningfully provide dental treatments
•   To develop effective communication between the parent and the child
•   To emphasise the value of basic and preventive care to the kid and parents

Child psychology focuses on five key topics:

• Development might have a significant impact on that in another. For instance, writing words involves both fine-motor coordination and linguistic processing abilities. Research has proven that development adheres to specific patterns or principles in addition to its various fields of application. How we care for, treat, and educate children today has been greatly impacted by our understanding of these concepts.

Three areas of Child Development include:

1.   Physical development
2.   Cognitive or intellectual development
3.   Social and emotional development

• Milestones: Psychologists frequently use developmental milestones to assess a child's development in a number of crucial areas. They serve as developmental checkpoints to determine what the typical child can perform at a certain age. Understanding the developmental milestones for various ages benefits child psychologists in understanding typical child development and helps spot potential issues with delayed development.

Four Major Groups of Developmental Milestones:

1.   Physical milestones
2.   Cognitive or mental milestones
3.   Social and emotional milestones
4.   Communication and language milestones

•   Behaviour
•   Emotions
•   Socialisation

Market Analysis: According to the WHO, 10-20% of children and adolescents worldwide experience mental health issues. The majority of psychiatric illnesses begin between the ages of 14 and 20 on average. Major obstacles for kids with mental illnesses include stigma, exclusion, and prejudice, as well as limited access to educational and medical services. The Care Quality Commission discovered that between 2019–2023, 50% of the wards were almost full with a 90% occupancy rate, and 16% of the units visited by their officers were beyond capacity. Only 65% of those who have psychiatric problems really obtain treatment, according to observations.

The cost of providing services has increased along with the number of patients, and it is now predicted to be £1.6 trillion more expensive globally than the combined costs of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory illness, and cancer. Only 5.5% of the overall UK health research budget, or £115 million, is currently allocated to studying the mental health of society's most vulnerable members.

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Social Cognitive Neuroscience

Social cognitive neuroscience is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that enable individuals to effectively comprehend themselves, understand others, and interact with others.

Social cognitive neuroscience is an emerging interdisciplinary field of study that aims to comprehend phenomena in terms of interactions between three levels of analysis:

•   The social level, which is interested in the motivational,
•   Social factors that affect behaviour and experience
•   The cognitive level, which is interested in the information-processing mechanisms that give rise to social-level phenomena; and the neural level, which is interested in the brain mechanisms that instantiate cognitive-level processes.

Social cognitive neuroscience investigates social events and processes using cognitive neuroscience research techniques such as neuroimaging and neuropsychology.

According to the social cognitive theory, goals, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and sociostructural variables all have a role in determining behaviour.

Cognitive neuroscience techniques include:

•   Functional neuroimaging
•   Electrophysiology
•   Cognitive genomics
•   Behavioral genetics

As a result, there are no effective treatments for either the illness that causes neurocognitive dysfunction or the problem itself. Although many drugs, including antidepressants and antipsychotic alternatives alert that address blackout and other activity symptoms, could help treat the condition. The symptoms and their effects are only suppressed; nonetheless, these are not the right answers. Targeting particular brain regions will be made easier with the use of recently created mental exercises like "computerised brain coaching programmes." Memory loss is not diagnosed in diseases like dementia if an underlying condition like an infection is to blame. Many methods, as opposed to just medicine, can be used to identify most knowledge-related ailments if they are delicate.

Market Analysis: The Neuroscience market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of about 4.1 percent during the forecast period. Some of the reasons driving market expansion include the rising prevalence of brain-related illnesses, advancements in neuroscience and neurotechnology, rising R&D spending, and government assistance. By 2031, the market for brain imaging technologies will be worth $20,209.2 million.

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Neurophysics

Neurophysics or neurobiophysics is the field of biophysics focuses on the development and application of physical strategies to learn more about the neurological system.

Neurophysics is an interdisciplinary field of study that integrates different branches of neuroscience with physics to better understand brain processes. Other physical measurements like EEG, which are primarily used to study electrical, mechanical, or fluidic properties, are combined with theoretical and computational methods in the methodologies used.

Neurophysics Therapy: The very advanced exercise-based therapeutic procedure known as neurophysics therapy. This method successfully treats a large number of disorders and has a high success rate.

The following is a list of some serious conditions that can be treated with neurophysics therapy.

•   Arthritis
•   Rehabilitation
•   Migraine
•   Chronic pain
•   Degenerative disorders
•   Depression
•   Epilepsy
•   Parkinson’s disease
•   Hereditary spastic paraplegia

Additionally, practising neurophysics helps us stay healthy and perform better in daily life since it teaches us a technique for distributing stress throughout the body evenly and preventing it from being isolated.

Market Analysis: The market for neuroscience is anticipated to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.49 percent from 2019 to 2024, reaching $36.27 billion. On average market growth, a number of government and healthcare sector initiatives are anticipated to have an impact. The sector is also being impacted by the rising incidence of neurological diseases. The market for neuroscience products and services was valued at USD 28.42 billion in 2016, and it is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 3.1 percent over the following five years.

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Nano-Neuroscience

Nano-neurology is an interdisciplinary field that studies the relationship between nanotechnology and neuroscience. It entails studying and manipulating the nervous system at the molecular and cellular levels using nanoscale materials, equipment, and techniques. The basic goals of nano-neuroscience are to increase our understanding of the structure and function of the nervous system, develop new diagnostic tools, and discover novel therapeutics for neurological illnesses.
Here are some of the most important aspects of nano-neuroscience:

Imaging and Sensing: Nanotechnology allows for the development of high-resolution imaging techniques capable of displaying neural architecture and activity in unprecedented detail. This covers imaging techniques such as super-resolution microscopy and nanoparticle- based contrast agents.

Drug Delivery: Drugs or therapeutic compounds can be carried and delivered directly to specific parts of the nervous system using nanoparticles. This method of medicine delivery reduces negative effects while increasing therapeutic efficacy.

Neural Interfaces: Highly sensitive neural interfaces can be created using nano-sized materials and electrodes. These interfaces can precisely record brain impulses or trigger neurons for therapeutic purposes. They are critical for developing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and neuroprosthetic devices.

Regenerative Medicine: Nano-neuroscience contributes to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by providing scaffolds and materials that encourage neural tissue growth and repair. This is critical in the treatment of disorders such as spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.

Diagnostic Tools: Nanoscale biosensors and biomarkers can be utilized to detect and monitor neurological illnesses early on. They are capable of detecting specific proteins or compounds linked to neurodegenerative illnesses, offering crucial diagnostic information.

Neuropharmacology: Nanotechnology can help in medication development in neuropharmacology by making it easier to create nanoparticles that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, which is a protective barrier that limits the entry of chemicals into the brain. This enables more effective drug administration for the treatment of neurological disorders.

Fundamental Research: Nano-neuroscience advances fundamental research by giving instruments for studying the complicated molecular and cellular processes that occur in the nervous system. This research contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms behind neurological disorders and normal brain function.

Therapeutic Approaches: Novel nanotherapies are being investigated for the treatment of disorders such as brain tumors, neurological diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), and stroke. Nanoparticles can be used to deliver medications, DNA, or even stem cells to specific parts of the brain or spinal cord.

Ethical and Safety problems:The use of nanotechnology in neuroscience presents ethical and safety problems, specifically the possibility of unintended repercussions or unexpected risks when modifying neural systems at the nanoscale.

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Neurosurgical Innovations

Neurosurgery is a medical speciality that focuses on the surgical treatment of nervous system illnesses and ailments, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Numerous advances in neurosurgery have been made throughout the years with the goal of improving patient outcomes, reducing invasiveness, and enhancing precision.

Here are some important neurosurgical breakthroughs:

Minimally Invasive Techniques: Neurosurgery has been transformed by less invasive techniques. Endoscopic brain surgery and minimally invasive spine surgery, for example, have smaller incisions, less tissue damage, and quicker recovery times.

Stereotactic radiosurgery: Techniques such as Gamma Knife and Cyber Knife enable surgeons to accurately deliver large doses of radiation to brain tumors or lesions without the need for open surgery.

Functional Neurosurgery: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neuro stimulation (RNS) are functional neurosurgery procedures used to treat illnesses such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and depression by implanting electrodes in specific brain areas and altering neural activity.

Neuro endoscopy: This procedure is used to treat problems such as hydrocephalus and some brain cancers. They utilize the use of a thin, flexible tube equipped with a camera to access and treat brain regions.

Intraoperative Imaging: Advanced imaging technologies, such as intraoperative MRI and CT scans, enable surgeons to see the brain and spinal cord in real time during surgery, improving precision and reducing the risk of complications.

3D Printing: 3D printing technology has permitted the development of patient-specific models and implants, increasing the precision of difficult surgeries and decreasing operative time.

Robot-Assisted Surgery: Neurosurgery has included robotics and automation to increase precision and dexterity in sensitive procedures such as tumor excision and spinal fusion.

Neuro prosthetics: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and neuro prosthetic devices allow people with severe neurological disabilities to communicate and move by connecting the brain to external equipment.

Genomic Medicine: Genetic testing and customized medicine are increasingly being used in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological illnesses, allowing medications to be tailored to an individual's genetic profile.

Neurostimulation Devices: Implantable devices that modulate neural activity, such as spinal cord stimulators and vagus nerve stimulators, are used to manage chronic pain and neurological diseases.

Advanced Neuroimaging: Advances in neuroimaging, such as functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), provide insights into brain function and connection, assisting in surgical operation planning and monitoring.

Nanotechnology: Nanotechnology applications for drug delivery to the brain and the development of nanoscale devices that can interact with neurons for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes are being investigated.

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Neuroethics

Neuroethics is an interdisciplinary discipline that investigates the ethical, legal, and social implications of neuroscience developments. It tackles questions and concerns about the use of neuroscientific information and technologies, as well as the ethical treatment of people whose brains are being studied or treated in clinical settings. Neuroethics is concerned with a wide range of issues, including:

Informed Consent: A crucial ethical aspect is ensuring that individuals engaging in neuroscience research or undergoing neurosurgery treatments completely understand the risks and benefits and freely give their informed consent.

Privacy: Advances in brain imaging and neurotechnology create worries about individuals' mental and neurological states being kept private. There are ethical concerns about who gets access to this information and how it should be protected.

Enhancement: The employment of neuroscientific procedures for cognitive improvement, mood modulation, or other objectives raises ethical concerns regarding justice and equity, as well as the possibility of societal pressure to enhance.

Neuroimaging and the Law: The use of brain imaging as evidence in court raises concerns about its reliability and the possibility of abuse, such as "neuroprediction" of criminal behavior.

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs): While BCIs have the potential to increase human abilities, they also raise questions about privacy, autonomy, and unforeseen consequences.

Neurodiversity: This discipline explores the social and ethical aspects of understanding neurological diseases, opposes stigma, and promotes acceptance and support for neurodiverse people.

Brain Stimulation: The use of therapeutic treatments such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) raises ethical concerns concerning safety, consent, and the possibility of personality and identity changes.

Neuroscientific Behavior Explanations: Using neuroscience to explain human behavior might raise problems about individual responsibility, free will, and determinism.

Neuroethics in Education: When neuroscientific tools are employed for evaluation, intervention, or tracking student performance, ethical problems may arise.

Neuroscience and Identity: Understanding the neurological basis of personal identity and consciousness raises issues about the nature of self and personhood.

Global Health and Neuroscience: Ethical considerations in global health and neuroscience extend to questions of access to neuroscientific knowledge and tools, as well as the ethical conduct of research in international settings.

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Precision Psychiatry

Precision psychiatry, also known as personalized psychiatry or precision medicine in psychiatry, is a new approach to mental health care that strives to match the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of psychiatric diseases to the particular characteristics of each patient. This approach emphasizes that mental health diseases vary greatly in terms of their underlying causes as well as their reactions to therapy. Precision psychiatry aims to use discoveries in genetics, neurology, and data analytics to deliver more effective, customized therapy for individuals suffering from mental illnesses.

The following are major components and concepts related to precision psychiatry:

Genomic and genetic Factors: Specific genes and genetic variations have been linked to an elevated risk of different mental health conditions, including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism. Precision psychiatry is the use of genetic data to predict susceptibility to mental health disorders and guide treatment decisions.

Biomarker Discovery: Researchers are working hard to develop biomarkers, or measurable biological indications, that can aid in the diagnosis of psychiatric diseases, the monitoring of disease progression, and the prediction of therapy responses. Neuroimaging data, blood indicators, and other physiological parameters are examples of biomarkers.

Neuroimaging: Neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), have advanced, allowing clinicians to observe and examine brain function and structure. These methods can help guide treatment decisions by providing insights into the underlying neurobiology of psychiatric diseases.

Machine Learning and Data Analytics: Precision psychiatry depends on advanced data analysis tools, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, to examine big datasets combining genetic, clinical, and neuroimaging data. These approaches can aid in the identification of trends and the prediction of individual treatment responses.

Tailored Treatment Plans: Precision Psychiatry strives to build individualized treatment programs based on an individual's unique genetic, neurobiological, and clinical profile, rather than using a one-size-fits-all approach to treatment. This may entail determining the best medication, counseling, or other therapies for a specific patient.

Early Intervention and Prevention: Precision Psychiatry also focuses on identifying individuals who are at risk of developing mental health illnesses before symptoms appear. Interventions can then be tailored to either prevent the disorder from developing or to lessen its severity.

Patient Involvement: Precision psychiatry frequently emphasizes the need of involving patients in treatment decisions and informing them about their own genetic and neurobiological traits. Patients who are better informed can take a more active role in their care.

Ethical Considerations: As with other aspects of precision medicine, there are ethical concerns about privacy, permission, and the potential misuse of genetic and neurobiological data. To protect patient rights, ethical rules and safeguards are required.

Research and Collaboration: Precision psychiatry is based on interdisciplinary collaboration between geneticists, neuroscientists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and other healthcare experts. Validation of biomarkers and treatment approaches also necessitates ongoing research.

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Neuromodulation and New Therapeutic Approaches

The altering or modulation of brain activity through various approaches and treatments is referred to as neuromodulation. In recent years, this sector has experienced considerable improvements, leading to new therapy methods for a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases.

Here are some of the most important neuromodulation techniques and their applications:

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): DBS involves implanting electrodes in specific parts of the brain and delivering electrical impulses to control neuronal activity. It has been used to treat diseases such as Parkinson's, essential tremor, dystonia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Ongoing study is looking into its potential for treating additional illnesses such as depression and epilepsy.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): TMS is a non-invasive technology that uses magnetic fields to stimulate specific sections of the brain's surface. It is an FDA-approved medication for depression and is also being studied for anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and chronic pain.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS): This technique includes applying a low electrical current to the scalp in order to regulate cortical excitability. It's being looked into as a possible treatment for depression, pain management, and cognitive enhancement.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): To treat epilepsy and depression, a device that stimulates the vagus nerve is implanted. It's also being researched for its use in other ailments like anxiety disorders and Alzheimer's disease.

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS): SCS uses electrical spinal cord stimulation to treat chronic pain, particularly neuropathic pain syndromes such as failed back surgery syndrome and complicated regional pain syndrome.

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS): PNS is a technique that involves placing electrodes on peripheral nerves to relieve pain in disorders such as chronic migraine, peripheral neuropathy, and neuralgias.

Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS): RNS is a closed-loop device that monitors brain activity and delivers electrical stimulation in response to seizure activity. Its primary application is in the treatment of epilepsy.

Neurofeedback: Neurofeedback is a technology that uses real-time monitoring of brain activity, commonly electroencephalography (EEG), to give users with information about their brain state. It has implications in illnesses such as ADHD, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and can be used to train patients to self-regulate their brain activity.

Optogenetics: Optogenetics is a cutting-edge method that includes genetically altering neurons to make them light responsive. It enables researchers to selectively activate or inhibit certain brain circuits, which could lead to therapeutic applications in disorders such as Parkinson's disease, depression, and addiction.

Ultrasound Neuromodulation: Non-invasive ultrasonic techniques are being investigated in order to influence brain activity. When compared to other neuromodulation approaches, this technology has the potential for precision targeting and less adverse effects.

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Microbiome and Neurological Health

The microbiome is the billions of microorganisms that live in various regions of the body, including the stomach, skin, and mouth cavity. Emerging evidence suggests a strong link between the gut flora and neurological health. The "gut-brain axis" relationship has consequences for a variety of neurological diseases and mental health.

Here are a few examples of how the gut microbiota can affect brain health:

Neurotransmitter Production: Gut bacteria can create neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which are essential for mood regulation and brain function. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota can influence the production of these neurotransmitters, thereby contributing to mood disorders such as sadness and anxiety.

Immune System Regulation: The gut microbiota is essential for immune system regulation. Multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease have both been linked to dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiome. Chronic inflammation can harm neurons and hasten disease progression.

Metabolite Production: Gut bacteria digest food components and generate a variety of metabolites, some of which are neuroactive. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated by gut bacteria, for example, have been proven to have neuroprotective properties.

Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity: The gut microbiota can affect the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a protective barrier that separates the bloodstream from the brain. A weakened BBB is linked to a variety of neurological diseases, and particular gut bacteria have been linked to its dysfunction.

Neurodevelopment: Emerging data suggests that the gut microbiome influences neurodevelopment in childhood. Microbiome disruptions during important developmental phases may lead to neurodevelopmental diseases such as autism spectrum disorder.

Stress Response: The gut-brain axis is also involved in the body's stress reaction. Stress can have an impact on the gut microbiota, and the gut microbiome can influence the body's reaction to stress. Dysregulation in this axis may contribute to stress-related diseases such irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Epilepsy and Seizures: Some research has suggested a link between the gut microbiome and epilepsy. Alterations in the gut microbiome composition may influence seizure susceptibility and response to antiepileptic medications.

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Neurological Implications of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, predominantly affects the respiratory system, but it can also impact the nervous system. According to new research, COVID-19 can cause a variety of neurological symptoms and problems.

COVID-19 has the following neurological consequences:

Smell and taste loss (Anosmia and Ageusia): The rapid loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) is one of the most common neurological signs of COVID-19. These symptoms may appear early in the infection and may be among the earliest indications of COVID-19.

Headaches: Many COVID-19 patients describe headaches that range with intensity and length. Headaches may be caused by virus-related inflammation, fever, or other reasons.

Encephalopathy: Some people with severe COVID-19 develop encephalopathy, which is characterized by impaired brain function. Confusion, disorientation, and other cognitive problems might result from this.

Seizures: While seizures are uncommon, they have been reported in some COVID-19 patients. These seizures could be caused by the virus's direct influence on the brain or by fever and metabolic abnormalities.

Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes: COVID-19 has been related to an increased risk of ischemic strokes (caused by blood clots) and hemorrhagic strokes (induced by bleeding in the brain). These strokes can develop in those who have severe COVID-19.

Neuropathy: Some patients have reported peripheral neuropathy symptoms such as tingling, numbness, and pain in the extremities. The processes at work are currently being studied.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): GBS is a rare but deadly neurological condition linked to COVID-19. It is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system assaults the peripheral nerves, causing weakening, numbness, and, in extreme cases, paralysis.

Meningitis and Encephalitis: Although uncommon, cases of viral meningitis (inflammation of the membranes protecting the brain and spinal cord) and viral encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) have been recorded in some COVID-19 individuals.

Psychiatric Symptoms: COVID-19 can also have psychological and psychiatric impacts, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which might be considered neurological symptoms.

Long COVID and Brain Fog: Some people who have healed from acute COVID-19 continue to have neurological symptoms, which is known as "long COVID." This can include persistent brain fog, weariness, and cognitive impairments.

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Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery is a procedure that diagnoses and treats neurological disorders, injury and disease. Neurological surgery uses invasive techniques to investigate, diagnose and treat the neurological problem. This medical specialty treats any neurological disease which has affected any portion of the brain, peripheral nervous system (PNS), central nervous system (CNS), extra-cranial cerebrovascular system, and spinal cord.

A neurosurgeon is the individuals who have done their specialization course in neurosurgery. They learn how to treat various disorders on CNS, PNS, brain and spinal cord. Some important conditions treated by neurosurgeons are:

Meningitis
Spinal cord trauma
Tumors of the spine, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Spinal disc hernia
Cervical spinal stenosis and other

Some neurosurgery methods are:

Microsurgery
Stereotaxy
Endoscopic surgery
Neuroradiology
Conventional open surgery

Sub-tracks:

Pediatric neurosurgery
Stereotactic neurosurgery/ functional neurosurgery
Skull base surgery
Vascular neurosurgery
Spinal neurosurgery
Oncological neurosurgery

Market Analysis: Neurosurgery deals with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, spine, and nerves. The global neurosurgery market is divided based on different product categories. Neurostimulation services, neurointerventional devices, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) management devices, neurosurgical navigation systems, and other subsegments make up the product type segment. The greatest market for neurosurgery is in North America, followed by Europe. This is attributable to an increase in the number of patients with neurological disorders, the availability of technologically advanced neurosurgery equipment, increased research and development activities, increased public awareness of brain-related diseases, and enhanced regional healthcare infrastructure. In the coming years, Asia's neurosurgery market is predicted to rise at a rapid pace. The global neurosurgery market is expected to develop at a CAGR of 11.71 percent from 2014 to 2019.

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Pain Disorder and Management

Pain disorder is in which patients suffer from extreme or chronic pain in one or more parts of the body. It is believed to be caused by psychological stress. Pain disorder is also classified as a mental disorder as a psychological factor plays important role maintenance, severity, and worsening of pain. Sometimes the pain is so severe it often refrains patients form proper functioning.

Pain disorder symptoms include hopelessness, despair feeling from intuition, sleep disturbance, fatigue, worsening of social and personal relationships, depression, anxiety, and disability. There are several causes of pain: trauma, abuse, emotions, psychodynamic theory, social causes, and communication. The behavior during pain put the psychological aspect of pain in the spotlight.

Pain disorders treatment or pain management involves sleep therapy, psychotherapy, and medication. Pain management center runs a pain control program, which is a multifaceted program using the blend of behavior, cognitive, group therapies to treat patients without conventional medical procedures.

Sub-tracks:

Pain management programs
Sleep therapy
Psychotherapy
Psychogenic Pain Disorder
Chronic Pain Syndrome

Market Analysis: An overwhelming majority of the world's population (85%) has suffered both head and body pain at some point in their lives, prohibiting people from fully living their lives, hurting their ability to parent, and negatively damaging their careers and social lives. In 2019, the global chronic pain treatment market was worth $77.8 billion, and it is predicted to increase at a 6.5 percent CAGR from 2020 to 2030. Because of increased government support for chronic pain treatment, the growing senior population, and the rising prevalence of chronic health disorders, the chronic pain treatment sector is booming.

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Neuro-Oncology and Brain Tumors

The nervous system getting affected by cancer is one of the severe conditions. The study of cancers of the nervous system is called Neurooncology. Neuro-Oncology is a branch of medicine concerned with the neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord. In the end, it becomes lethal in most cases. It does study, investigation, identification, and treatment for malignant and benign spinal cord and brain tumors.

Neuro-Oncology deals with various tumors like primary tumors of the Central nervous system (CNS) and metastatic tumors of CNS, and their numerous factors causing them at first place. Some worst cancer forms are gliomas of the pons, gliomas of the brainstem, glioblastoma multiforme, and astrocytoma.

The diagnosis of these brain tumors depends heavily on the diagnostic imaging or imaging of the brain. For diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are mainly used and other tests include Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Myelography and Angiography. The main treatment includes chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, corticosteroids, cancer pain management, and neurosurgical interventions.

Neuro-Oncologists – they are the physician trained to investigate, interpret, diagnose and to treat patients with a brain tumor and tumors of the nervous system.

Sub-tracks:

Neuro-Oncological disorders
Spinal metastasis
Intracranial metastasis
Skull metastasis
Psychosocial Advances in Neuro-Oncology

Market Analysis: The global brain tumour medications market is estimated to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.3 percent from $1.89 billion in 2020 to $2.01 billion in 2021. In 2020, the market for Brain Tumors in the seven largest markets is expected to be worth USD 2,089.4 million. The United States has the largest market for brain tumours, with a market size of USD 986.0 million in 2020. Italy had the largest market size among the EU5 countries in 2020, with USD 214.4 million, while the United Kingdom had the smallest market size, with USD 129.8 million. In 2020, the Japan Brain Tumors market will be worth USD 256.7 million. This market is expected to increase at a CAGR of 10.4 percent over the forecast period, from USD 2.83 billion in 2021 to USD 5.64 billion in 2028.

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Neuroimaging

Neuroimaging is an essential part of diagnosis and to study in the area of Neurology and Neuroscience. It is an addition to a clinical and cognitive evaluation in the assessments of cognitive, behavioral and neurological disorders. Neuroimaging or brain imaging is to image the structure, function, and pharmacology of the nervous system mainly the brain and spinal cord.

Neuroradiologists are the one who specializes in neuroimaging techniques. Neuroimaging or brain imaging is a new discipline in medicine, neuroscience, and psychology to study the changes during various neurological and psychological conditions.

Neuroimaging can be classified into two major parts:

1. Structural Imaging: It deals with the structure of the nervous system and to diagnose intracranial disease and injury

2. Functional Imaging: It is used for research purposes: neurological and psychology and building brain-computer interface through cognitive neuroscience. It is also used to diagnose metabolic disease on a finer scale.

Sub-tracks:

Neuroimaging techniques and their relation with Neurology
Recent advancements in Neuroimaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Magnetoencephalography
Cranial ultrasound
Magnetic resonance imaging
Positron emission tomography
Diffuse optical imaging
Computed axial tomography
Single-photon emission computed tomography
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Event-related optical signal
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) & Electroencephalography (EEG)
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

Market Analysis: From 2021 to 2027, the global medical imaging market is predicted to increase at a CAGR of 3.99 percent, from USD 26.52 billion in sales in 2020 to USD 35.78 billion in 2027. Due to many driving factors, the worldwide medical imaging market is predicted to rise at a significant rate. The global medical imaging market is divided into X-Ray Systems, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Others, based on imaging technique. The market is divided into hospitals, ambulatory centres, radiology centres, and others based on the end user. The global diagnostic imaging market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.7 percent from 2021 to 2026, from USD 26.6 billion in 2021 to USD 35.0 billion in 2026. The increasing demand for early disease diagnosis and the broadening scope of clinical applications, the rapidly growing geriatric population and the resulting increase in the prevalence of associated diseases, technological advancements in the diagnostic imaging industry, and increasing investments, funds, and grants by public-private organizations are all driving this market forward. In 2020, the global medical imaging market was worth USD 15.9 billion, and it is predicted to increase at a compound yearly growth rate of 5.2 percent until 2028.

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Stroke

Stroke, a medical emergency, occurs when blood flow or arteries carrying blood to the brain is interrupted or blocked. It leads to a gradual decline of oxygen and nutrient in the brain leading to the rapid death of brain cells in minutes. Stroke is of two types: Ischemic, reduce blood flow and Haemorrhagic, internal bleeding. High blood pressure is one of the main risks of stroke and other risks include smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes.

Signs of a stroke include paralysis, numbness, headache, trouble with speaking and understanding, confusion, and loss of coordination. Stroke diagnosis involves a physical exam to see balance, numbness, coordination, weakness or sign of confusion. Test through which we can diagnose stoke is MRI, CT scan, blood test, cerebral angiogram, echocardiogram, and carotid ultrasound. Prevention of stroke includes reducing the risks by doing exercise, controlling high blood pressure and diabetes, maintain a healthy weight, lowering the amount of cholesterol, taking anticoagulants or anti-platelet drugs.

Sub-tracks:

Ischemic Stroke
Haemorrhagic Stroke
Thrombotic stroke
Rehabilitation
Stoke Management
Stoke Case reports
Angioplasty and stenting

Market Analysis: Stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when blood supply to the brain is reduced, and brain cells begin to die as a result.The global stroke management market was worth $22,581 million in 2016, and it is expected to expand to $36,756 million by 2023, with a CAGR of 7.1 percent over the forecast period (2017-2023).A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off, causing brain cells to die. The global stroke management market is estimated to reach $36.7 billion by 2023, with a 7.4 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the forecast period.

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Epilepsy

Epilepsy, a chronic disorder, is a central nervous system disorder in which seizures occur frequently. In epilepsy, brain activity becomes abnormal leading to recurrent seizures, unusual behavior, loss of awareness, and sensations. Epilepsy can happen to anyone irrespective of gender, race, and age.

The major symptom of Epilepsy is seizures. There are mainly two types of seizures: focal seizure and generalized seizure. The other symptoms include the sudden fall of a person with no reason, unresponsiveness, and convulsion with no temperature, inappropriate repetitive movements, blackout, and confused memory. Epilepsy caused by the effect of genes or the surrounding environment. Acquired epilepsy causes include stroke, tumors, brain trauma, and infection in the brain. The genetic cause of epilepsy is more common among young people and in older people, brain tumors and stroke are more common. The exact cause of Epilepsy in most of the cases is unknown.

Epilepsy can be observed by electroencephalogram, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuroimaging. These techniques can give a better picture to understand the abnormalities of the brain during a seizure, and to look at the minute changes in the structure of the brain.

There is no proven cure of epilepsy, being alert and proper care the consequences of epilepsy and seizures can be averted. Some antiepileptic drugs are in the market to keep seizures in check. We can reduce the chance of seizures by a healthy daily routine.

Sub-tracks:

Seizure
Epilepsy surgery
Epileptogenesis
Photosensitive epilepsy
Focal seizures
Generalized seizures
Epilepsy treatment

Market Analysis: In the projection period of 2021 to 2028, the epilepsy market is predicted to increase at a rate of 7.78 percent. The expansion of the epilepsy market is accelerating due to an increase in epilepsy awareness. By 2023, the Epilepsy Market is expected to be worth USD 9.50 billion, with a CAGR of 8.20 percent over the forecast period (2018-2023). The rising prevalence of epilepsy in the senior population, as well as an increase in accident-related brain injury cases, are driving market expansion. The epilepsy market has been developing at a healthy rate in recent years, and it is predicted to rise at a CAGR of 7.36 percent from 2021 to 2028. The rise in the number of accidents and brain injuries, as well as the greater rate of post-traumatic seizure occurrence in patients with brain injuries, is driving the Global Epilepsy Market. The Global Epilepsy Market research offers a comprehensive analysis of the industry.

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Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, unpredictable disease that leads to the loss of information exchange in the brain and between the brain and body. MS affects the central nervous system principally spinal cord, optic nerves, and the brain. In Multiple Sclerosis, damaging of insulating covers of nerve cells by demyelinating of these covers in the brain and spinal cord.

In MS, symptoms are like numbness, tingling, dizziness and fatigue, sexual dysfunction, muscle weakness, ataxia, acute or chronic pain, change in sensation, vision problems, tremor, memory problems, and muscle spasms. Signs and symptoms may vary in MS and it depends on the level of the damage to nerve cells.

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath which protects the nerve cells leads to communication problems in the body. The main cause behind this is not yet found. But it is believed that it is a result of accumulated genetic and environmental factors. Some cause may be genetic, geographical, infection, and acquired factors as well.

Multiple Sclerosis has no cure. Medication helps to prevent new attacks or to stabilize functioning after an attack.

Sub-tracks:

Primary progressive MS
Relapse-remitting MS (RRMS)
Secondary progressive MS (SPMS)
Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)
Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Management
Multiple Sclerosis case reports

Market Analysis: The global market for multiple sclerosis (MS) medicines was worth $22.99 billion in 2018, and is expected to reach $28.00 billion by 2026, with a CAGR of 2.5 percent between 2019 and 2026. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes demyelination, axonal transection, and neurodegeneration in the brain and spinal cord's nerve cells. The global market for multiple sclerosis medications is valued at $27.38 billion in 2021 and is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 6.3 percent to $41.99 billion in 2028. MS affects around 57.8 people per 100,000 in the United States. The prevalence is stated to be 68.8 per 100,000 above the 37th parallel and 35.5 per 100,000 below it. Scientists are still working hard to develop new and improved treatments for MS. By 2028, the global market for multiple sclerosis drugs will be valued $ 42.46 billion, with a 6.3 percent compound annual growth rate.

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Alzheimers Disease and Dementia

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the death of brain cells. It progresses over time and worsens at the end. Alzheimer's is the cause of 60-70% of dementia. Dementia is a neurological condition in which the ability to think and remember small things becomes so severe that is starting to affect their daily routine.

The most common symptoms of Alzheimer's and dementia are forgetting becomes very often, difficulty in remembering some events occurs, and in some severe cases, patients suffer difficulty in remembering recent events and conversations. Alzheimer's disease and dementia patients develop hindrances in making judgments, reasoning, thinking, decision and performing daily tasks.

The precise cause of Alzheimer's and dementia are not fully understood but most of the researchers think that it is a result of various factors: genetics, environmental, and lifestyle. The risk factors associated with Alzheimer's and dementia are age, syndrome, sex, trauma, lifestyle, social engagement, and family genetics.

As these diseases are progressive, not even a single cure proves to revert this process. Patients affected with this disease need help from others.

Sub-tracks:

Causes and Prevention of Alzheimer’s
Vascular Dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Symptoms
Recent Studies & Case Reports
Alzheimer prevention and risk factors
Alzheimer’s Clinical Trials and Studies
Managing Dementia

Market Analysis: The Alzheimer's disease diagnostics and therapeutics market was worth USD 6,632.82 million in 2020, and it's predicted to grow to over USD 9,073 million in 2026, with a CAGR of nearly 5.36 percent from 2021 to 2026. The rising frequency of chronic diseases such as dementia, as well as increased pipeline drug research, investment in biomarkers for drug development, and better diagnostics for early detection, are all driving this industry forward.According to the World Alzheimer Report, over 50 million individuals worldwide suffer from Alzheimer's disease and related dementia in 2019, with that figure anticipated to rise to 152 million by 2050. Alzheimer's disease is thought to afflict up to 6% of the population over the age of 65. With the discovery of some therapeutic procedures and the rising frequency of Alzheimer's disease, there are markets for Alzheimer's treatments. The growing number of people over the age of 65 is partly to blame for the rising incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Although there have been occasional cases of young-onset Alzheimer's, which is defined as Alzheimer's symptoms in adults under the age of 65, this is rare.

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Case Studies and Clinical Trials

Case studies can be defined as the intensive study of any particular individual, community or group in which the researcher analyses several variables to derive a conclusion. Case studies are the best way to study any particular field by getting a practical overview of the respective case. Case studies do not have any set of procedures to follow. It helps another person to gain practical knowledge and help them to enhance or improve their own ability to perform the same task with better precision.
Clinical trials are the study that concludes how safe the treatments, tests, and medicine are.

Sub-tracks:

Neurology Case Studies
Neurosurgery Case Studies
Parkinson's Case Studies
Epilepsy Case Studies
Alzheimer's Case Studies
Movement Disorder Case Studies
Neurology Clinical Trials
Neurosurgery Clinical Trials
Parkinson's Clinical Trials
Epilepsy Clinical Trials
Alzheimer's Clinical Trials
Movement Disorder Clinical Trials

Market Analysis: The global market for neurology clinical trials is expected to reach USD 7.4 billion by 2028, according to a new study by Grand View Research, Inc. The market is expected to increase at a 5.5 percent CAGR between 2021 and 2028. This is due to big pharma companies conducting new neurology trials, increased government financing from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and strict regulatory standards for clinical trials. The global market for neurology clinical trials is expected to reach USD 7.4 billion by 2028. From 2021 to 2028, the market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 5.5 percent. Neuroscience continues to attract a good amount of early funding. In 2018, it attracted USD 1.5 billion in venture capital funding, second only to cancer, indicating that investors believe a huge pharma acquisition will pay off soon. Early detection of diseases is attracting investment and driving dealmaking in the complex neuroscience sector, particularly for pain and Alzheimer's disease, as the industry attempts to move past the many late-stage clinical failures of recent years.

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Novel Treatment Strategies

These are the approach taken to eradicate or treat a particular disease. Neurology integrated with neuroscience provides an ample amount of useful data to innovate or develop new ways of treatment of various neurological diseases and disorders.

Sub-tracks:

Neuroprotective strategies
Multiple sclerosis therapeutic strategies
Emerging therapies
Stem-cell therapy
Gene therapy
Deep-brain stimulation
Antiepileptic drugs
Hurdles in treating neurological diseases

Market Analysis: The global neurology market is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.5 percent from $33.3 billion in 2019 to $39.4 billion in 2024.
Between 2018 and 2028, the global market for rare neurological illness treatments is expected to increase at an impressive CAGR of over 8.5 percent, growing 2.3 times. The incidence of rare diseases, the evolving trend of orphan pharmaceuticals, and rising healthcare spending have all contributed to a significant increase in overall sales of rare neurological treatments during the previous decade. As a result, global sales in the uncommon neurological illness treatment market reached a new high in 2019, surpassing the US$ 6.5 billion mark. Furthermore, the rare neurological disease treatment market is expected to be the most attractive market among the rare illness treatment markets, owing to their comparatively high market value share and growth rate. On the back of rising demand for orphan pharmaceuticals, ongoing research and development activities in the field of rare neurological illness therapy are multiplying. Between 2018 and 2028, this is expected to generate an absolute monetary potential of US$ 8.1 billion.

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Headache and Facial Pain

Headache is describes as a painful sensation in any part of the head, the pain can be dull or sharp and it may also occur with other symptoms. Headache and facial pain are common complaints in OPD facilities. Headaches are treated with medication, stress management and biofeedback.

Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common term associated with a chronic facial pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from face to brain. Trigeminal neuralgia pain most commonly affects only one side.

Primary headaches are those that aren’t due to any underlying medical condition. It includes

Cluster headaches.
Migraine.
New daily persistent headaches (NDPH).
Tension headaches.
Secondary headaches are mostly symptoms of other diseases, such as:

Disease of blood vessels in the brain.
Head injury.
High blood pressure (hypertension).
Infection.
Medication overuse.
Sinus congestion.
Trauma.
Tumor.

Market Analysis: In the foreseeable term, the migraine market is expected to rise at a considerable CAGR. .Migraine is a medical disease in which people suffer from intense headaches. From 2018 to 2025, the global migraine medications market is predicted to increase at a CAGR of 3.1 percent, from $1,713 million in 2017 to $2,190 million in 2025. Migraine medicines are used to treat headaches that are caused by migraines.
Anti Migraine Drugs Market size is expected to reach $10.56 billion by 2025, with a CAGR of 9.7% over the forecast period of 2020-2025.
Around 15% of people worldwide suffer from migraine, and the market will be driven by growing use of anti-migraine drugs during the projected period.

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Diagnosis and Screening of Neurological Disorders

Early diagnosis and proper screening of neurological disorders is the key for better prognosis and cure. Investigating the damage caused to the nervous system is extremely complicated and complex. Most of the similar symptoms happen in different disorders. There are many disorders which doesn't have definitive causes, markers, or tests, that makes a diagnosis even harder.

To confirm a neurologic condition such as brain injury, tumors, hydrocephalus, aneurysm, epilepsy or stroke, a range of neurologic tests are performed.

Sub-track

CT scan
Electroencephalogram (EEG
MRI
nerve conduction velocity
electromyography
Positron emission tomography
Arteriogram
Spinal tap
Neurosonography
Ultrasound

Market Analysis: Several neurological disorders, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease, are diagnosed with neurological disorder diagnostic instruments (PD).
Furthermore, the recent rise in the prevalence of neurological disorders is expected to drive the global neurological disease diagnostic market.
The neurodiagnostics market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 7.3 percent from USD 5.9 billion in 2019 to USD 8.4 billion in 2024.
The growing prevalence of neurological disorders and diseases, technological advancements, growing patient emphasis on effective and early disease diagnosis, the growing number of diagnostic centres and hospitals, and the use of biomarker profiling for disease diagnostics are all expected to drive demand for neurodiagnostics products. The global neurological biomarkers market was valued at USD 6.1 billion in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.9 percent predicted from 2020 to 2028. Furthermore, technological improvements are fueling market expansion by increasing the requirement for early identification of neurological illnesses.

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Neuropharmacology and Neurochemistry

Neuropharmacology refers to the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system, this field involve the study and research on the actions of medications for psychiatric and neurologic disorders as well as those of drugs of abuse. Neuropharmacology also uses drugs as tools for better understanding of normal nervous system functioning. The main objective of neuropharmacology is to apply mechanisms of drugs to develop effective treatments and preventive measures for nervous system abnormalities. It helps to understand how drugs affect cellular function in the nervous system. Behavioral and molecular are the two different parts of neuropharmacology . Behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of how drugs affect human behavior and molecular neuropharmacology involves the study of neurons and their neurochemical interactions, with an aim of developing drugs that helps in improving neurological function.

The study of neurotransmitters, psychopharmaceuticals and neuropeptides, that control and influence the physiology of the nervous system is known as Neurochemistry. Research in this field is focused on the biochemistry and molecular biology of organic compounds in the nervous system, and their roles in neural processes like cortical plasticity, neurogenesis, and neural differentiation. Neurochemicals are basically oxytocin, serotonin, dopamine and other neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-regulating substances. This particular field investigates how neurochemicals influence the operation of neurons, synapses, and neural networks.

Market Analysis: Pharmaceuticals are one of the most valuable endeavours on the planet. In 2008, the pharmaceutical industry sold $773 billion in goods around the world, a figure that has been consistent for up to 8 years and is expected to rise by 2.5 to 3.5 percent in 2017. By 2025, the global pharmaceutical market is expected to reach $10.27 billion USD. The pharmaceutical market is expected to grow from just over $22.85 billion in 2016 to $25.2 billion in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2%. It is expected to reach USD 2,151.1 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 7%.

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Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration

The term neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Research in this field in going on to understand the basic mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration or neurologic injury. However, due to the complex structures of the nervous system, the regeneration process becomes extremely challenging. The brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves which are susceptible to various types of injury ranging from trauma to neurodegenerative diseases that cause progressive deterioration is unfortunately often irreversible, and a very little spontaneous regeneration, repair or healing occurs.

Stem cell therapies hold promising future in terms of neurological treatment. Neural stem cells (NSCs) has the potential to replace lost tissue after nervous system injury. Hence, stem cells can promote host neural repair in part by secreting growth factors. Stem cells holds a great promise for treating many neurological disorders, researches showed that it can reduce the total damage to peripheral nerves and improving tissue regeneration. Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, and spinal cord injury are caused by a loss of neurons and glial cells in the brain or spinal cord.

Researchers have successfully generated neurons and glial cells from stem cells.Investigators have done extensive research to develop and carry out stem cell-based brain transplantation therapies.Stem cell research is in progress for the development of novel therapies to cure a wide range of neurological disorders.

Market Analysis: The primary drivers driving the market's growth are an increase in stem cell research and approvals of GMP certified facilities. For the years 2021-2026, the overall market development of the Stem Cell Marker is expected to be boosted by rising demand for gene treatments and the rising prevalence of chronic diseases. In 2020, the worldwide stem cell industry is expected to produce USD 9.38 billion in sales. From 2021 to 2028, it is predicted to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.8%. The global stem cell therapy market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 16.5 percent to USD 401 million by 2026, up from USD 187 million in 2021. Factors such as expanding stem cell research activities and increasing approvals of GMP-certified facilities to generate stem cells are driving market expansion. The global stem cell therapy market is predicted to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.3 percent from $8.62 billion in 2020 to $10.2 billion in 2021.

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Spinal Neurosurgery

Operations on the bones, discs, and soft tissues of the spine with the goal of reducing pressure on the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots, or the removal of masses inside the spine, are referred to as spinal neurosurgery. Pressure on the lower spinal nerve roots in the lumbar spine or the upper spinal nerve roots in the cervical spine is the most common reason for considering spinal neurosurgery. This frequently occurs in the foramen, which is the region where the nerves exit the spine and are held. Spinal stenosis is a word used to describe an issue that occurs in the space known as the central canal.Unfortunately, resecting masses from around the spinal cord or within the dura itself is another rationale for spinal neurosurgery. These masses may not be cancerous, but because they can compress the spinal cord, they are frequently treated using spinal neurosurgery.

Sub-tracks:
•   Degenerative Diseases
•   Spinal Deformity and Malformations
•   Vertebral Tumors
•   Spin injury and Trauma
•   Spinal Infectious Diseases
•   Craniocervical Junction Anomalies
•   Spinal Cord Tumors
•   Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Tumors

Market Analysis : The developments in spine surgery technologies, the rising frequency of spinal illnesses, the introduction of enhanced bone grafting materials, and the growing use of minimally invasive spine procedures are all driving the global spinal surgery market. However, the high cost of spinal surgery and reimbursement uncertainty are projected to limit market expansion throughout the projection period. The market for spinal surgery devices was valued at around USD 9,350 million in 2020, and it is predicted to reach USD 12,245 million in 2026, with a CAGR of nearly 4.50 percent from 2021 to 2026.

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Pediatric Neurosurgery

Pediatric neurosurgery is a branch of neurosurgery that treats children with operable neurological problems. It involves surgical treatments involving the nervous system, brain, and spinal cord. Pediatric neurosurgeons work with children from the time they are born until they reach adolescence. They have chosen to make paediatric care the centre of their medical practise, and they have understood the particular nature of paediatric medical and surgical care via extensive training and practise. Pediatric neurosurgeons deal with a variety of neurosurgical issues that aren't always the same as those addressed by adult or general neurosurgeons. It is critical to have specialised expertise in paediatric disorders as they pertain to paediatric neurosurgery problems.

Sub-tracks:
•   Hydrocephalus and CSF Dynamics
•   Cranial congenital malformations
•   Spinal dysraphisms
•   Supratentorial Tumors
•   Posterior Fossa Tumors
•   Spinal Tumors
•   Pediatric Trauma
•   Pediatric Vascular Diseases

Market Analysis : In the projected period of 2021 to 2028, the global paediatric neurosurgery market is expected to increase at a CAGR of 6.20 percent, reaching USD 2,794.36 billion. The increased awareness of the importance and benefits connected with the usage of paediatric neurosurgery among people and patients has had a direct impact on the growth of the worldwide paediatric neurosurgery market.

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Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery

Points within the brain are located using an external, three-dimensional frame of reference, usually based on a Cartesian coordinate system, in functional neurosurgery. Because the disease paradigms handled in functional neurosurgery are continually changing and evolving, it stands out among other neurosurgical disciplines. The basic idea is that functional neurosurgery does not necessarily treat a structural issue, but rather alters central nervous system circuits to bring about a change within or outside the nervous system. This is a strong indication of the breadth of functional neurosurgery's use. Movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia have been transformed through functional neurosurgery.Advances in the understanding of the physiology of the target structures and the pathophysiological underpinnings of movement problems have occurred concurrently with the development of deep brain stimulation. In order to influence brain function, functional neurosurgery entails careful surgical targeting of anatomic components. The technique of stereotactic neurosurgery is used to locate surgical targets within the brain in relation to an external frame of reference. The term "stereotactic" refers to the accurate location of objects deep within the brain using a three-dimensional coordinate system and an imaging technique such as computed tomography scanning or magnetic resonance imaging. Other neurosurgical operations, such as the biopsy of deep brain tumours, frequently employ these techniques.

Sub-tracks:
•   Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders
•   Epilepsy
•   Pain
•   Spasticity
•   Neuromodulation
•   Restorative Techniques

Market Analysis : The surgical speciality of neurosurgery deals with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, spine, and nerves. A neurosurgeon is a doctor who specialises in neurosurgery. The global neurosurgery market was worth $3.9 billion in 2020 and is predicted to reach $4.57 billion by 2025, with a CAGR of 5.8%. Medtronic, Boston Scientific Corporation, Stryker, Conmed Corporation, and Smith & Nephew are the market's major participants. The rising incidence of neurological disorders, efforts to expand the application base for neuromodulation, the advantages of neuroendoscopic procedures over traditional brain surgeries, and the growing prevalence of neurological diseases all contribute to the market's growth.

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Neurovascular Surgery

Blood vessels that are damaged, injured, or deformed can cause bleeding or circulation difficulties, which can lead to strokes, headaches, and other symptoms. Neurovascular surgery treats abnormalities with the blood arteries of the brain, spine, and spinal cord using open or minimally invasive surgical procedures. The subject of neurovascular surgery is becoming increasingly complicated and technological, embracing classic surgical approaches as well as endovascular and neurointerventional techniques. Clinicians in the Neurovascular programme specialise in the treatment of all vascular disorders of the brain and spinal cord using a variety of therapeutic strategies such as surgery, endovascular interventional treatments, stereotactic radiation, and rehabilitation.

Sub-tracks:
•   Aneurysms and Subrachnoid Hemorrhage Pathophysiology
•   Arteriovenous Malformations
•   Cerebral Ischemia and Revascularization
•   Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhages
•   Endarterectomy
•   Endovascular Neurosurgery
•   Open Neurovascular Surgery
•   Hybrid Surgery & Advanced Technology
•   Cerebrovascular Surgery
•   Ischemic Stroke and Vascular Insufficiency
•   Cerebral and Spinal Aneurysms
•   Cerebral and Spinal Arteriovenous Fistulae and Malformations
•   Vascular Tumors
•   Revascularization techniques
•   Vascular Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Market Analysis : The market for neurovascular devices and interventional neurology is predicted to increase at an annual rate of 8.6% from USD 2.5 billion in 2021 to USD 3.8 billion in 2026. The market for neurovascular devices is likely to be driven by the rising frequency of neurological illnesses, technical developments, and the growing desire for minimally invasive operations. Interventional neurology devices are used to diagnose and treat brain and central nervous system vascular disorders. Interventional neurology entails a variety of procedures. From 2021 to 2030, the Neurovascular Devices Market is expected to develop at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.7 percent, reaching US$ 4.52 billion.

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Intraoperative Neurophysiology

The use of electrophysiological technologies to monitor the functional integrity of particular brain regions during surgery is known as intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) or intraoperative neuromonitoring. During the procedure, various intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring techniques evaluate the function of the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and peripheral nerves. They are extremely useful in detecting and preventing brain injury. Intraoperative monitoring is increasingly commonplace in medical practise, and it's used to assess the risk of brain impairment during a variety of surgical operations. IONM makes use of a wide range of physiological principles, each with its own set of applications that are frequently combined in the same procedure to improve patient outcomes.The adoption of various neuromonitoring techniques throughout the extra surgical procedure has increased as the benefits of monitoring became clear. IOM has been used to try to avoid or reduce substantial postoperative deficits by minimising neurological injury during surgery, identifying critical brain structures in the operational field, and so on.

Sub-tracks:
•   Neuromonitoring
•   Electroencephalography (EEG)
•   Electromyography (EMG)
•   Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP)
•   Motor evoked potential (MEP)
•   Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP)
•   Visual evoked potential (VEP)

Market Analysis : Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is a group of treatments used to monitor neural pathways during high-risk neurosurgery, orthopaedic, peripheral nerve, and vascular procedures. It is primarily used to minimise the risk of neurological impairments following nervous system surgeries. By 2025, the market for intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.5 percent. The rising incidence of various lifestyles linked to chronic diseases such as neurological and cardiovascular problems, as well as an increased focus on patient safety during intricate surgeries, are projected to fuel market growth.

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Peripheral Nerve Surgery

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a network of 43 motor and sensory nerves that connects the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) to the rest of the body. The brain and spinal cord are connected to the rest of the body by peripheral nerves. Peripheral nerve problems damage one or more nerves and can impair communication from the brain to the rest of the body. People with peripheral nerve problems, such as acute nerve injuries, entrapment neuropathies, and nerve sheath tumours, undergo peripheral nerve surgery to restore function and reduce pain and impairment. It entails rerouting healthy nerves to take over the function of nerves that have been damaged, diseased, or otherwise compromised by your injury, disease, or condition.43 pairs of peripheral nerves extend from the spinal cord, similar to electrical lines, and provide movement, motor coordination, and sensation throughout the body. Carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve compression, peroneal nerve compression in the knee, meralgia parasthetica, and tarsal tunnel syndrome are the most common problems of this sort. Surgery works wonders for nerve entrapment. Recovery is swift, and patients can resume their normal routines.

Sub-tracks:
•   Traumatic nerve injury
•   Carpal tunnel syndrome and surgery
•   Thoracic outlet syndrome
•   Ulnar nerve neuropathy
•   Guillain-Barre syndrome
•   Schwannoma and Neurofibroma
•   Brachial plexus surgery
•   DREZ procedure
•   Nerve repair or nerve graft
•   Nerve entrapment surgery
•   Nerve sheath tumor surgery
•   Nerve transplant surgery
•   Open decompression surgery

Market Analysis : From 2017 to 2023, the global Nerve Repair and Regeneration Market is expected to increase at a CAGR of 13.0 percent, from $5,927 million in 2016 to $13,938 million in 2023. Peripheral Nerve Repair market size was USD 135.3 million in 2015, and it is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 20.8 percent to USD 514.9 million by the end of 2026. The high frequency of nerve injuries, expanding prevalence of neurological disorders, growing elderly population, and increased government support for neurologic disorders are driving this market's expansion.

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Robotics in Neurosurgery

Robotics is a fast-moving discipline that is changing neurosurgery in combination with breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Robotic surgery has the potential to eliminate mechanical errors, save operating hours, and give the same or better resective margins than minimal-access surgery. This will result in great surgical outcomes with the fewest possible problems. Because of the physical complexity of the brain and the space limits inherent in neurosurgical procedures, we can observe some encouraging steps in this direction, but there is still a long way to go. The NeuroMate robot was the first FDA-approved robotic equipment intended exclusively for neurosurgery usage. There are various robotic technologies available for spinal surgery that provide tool guiding and implant placement confirmation.ROSA Brain, an advanced surgical tool, is used in robot-assisted neurosurgery to do minimally invasive surgeries in the brain. Robotic operating surgical assistant (ROSA) is an acronym for robotic operating surgical assistant. It combines a robotic arm with the ability to take comprehensive brain images of your child.

Market Analysis : Robotic neurosurgery is a rapidly evolving technology that offers a number of advantages over traditional neurological surgery, including improved outcomes, enhanced accuracy, faster recovery, and a shorter hospital stay, to name a few. From 2020 to 2030, the number of surgeries performed with robotic surgical systems in the United States will increase at a CAGR of 10.5 percent. The growing incidence of neurological diseases, ageing population, improved benefits with robotics-based procedures, and decreasing price of robot-assisted neurology surgery will drive the global neurosurgical robotics market to $2,010.7 million by 2027, growing at a 16.8 percent annual rate from 2020 to 2027. Surgical robots allow surgeons to perform more precise difficult surgical procedures. Furthermore, the introduction of new and advanced robots will meet the ever-increasing demands of end users.

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Latest advancement in Brain Surgery

The term "brain surgery" is a catch-all term for a variety of medical operations involving the treatment of structural problems in the brain. Head and brain surgery is a very difficult procedure. Tumors, blood clots, aneurysms, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease are among the disorders for which brain surgery is utilised. There are several different kinds of brain surgery. The type of treatment depends on the brain area and the condition being treated. Surgeons can now operate on parts of the brain without making a single incision in or near the head because to advances in medical technology. Brain surgery is used to treat physical problems with the brain. These can be caused by a birth flaw, a disease, an injury, or a variety of other issues.

Sub-tracks:
•   Biopsy
•   Craniectomy
•   Minimally invasive endonasal endoscopic surgery
•   Stereotactic radiosurgery
•   Endoscopic brain surgery
•   Laser interstitial thermal therapy
•   Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
•   Craniotomy
•   Posterior fossa decompression
•   Thrombectomy and cerebral aneurysm repair

Market Analysis : The global market for brain surgery is expected to increase at a CAGR of 12.9 percent from $1.1 billion in 2018 to $2.0 billion in 2023. Neuroendoscopy is an advanced brain surgery method in which the neurosurgeon uses an endoscope to navigate and access the tumour. Neurosurgeons attach specific devices to the endoscope, frequently an additional endoscope with forceps and scissors on the end, to remove a tumour or take a sample of it, as opposed to traditional open brain surgery, which takes longer to heal and causes less discomfort. Up to 2025, the neuroendoscopy market is expected to grow at a rate of about 4.6 percent.

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Skull Base Surgery

The face and the cranium, which surround the brain, are made up of bones and cartilage that make up the skull. The base of the skull is a busy and convoluted location with numerous openings through which the spinal cord, numerous blood arteries, and nerves all travel. Noncancerous and cancerous growths, as well as anomalies on the underside of the brain, the skull base, or the top few vertebrae of the spinal canal, may be removed by skull base surgery. Skull base surgery is a form of specialty surgery that treats problems at the base of the skull. Reaching these locations without cutting through the skull and retracting the brain is a problem in skull base surgery.

Sub-tracks:
•   Pituitary tumors
•   Meningiomas
•   Chordomas and Schwannomas
•   Trigeminal neuralgia
•   Vestibulocochlear nerve disorders
•   Craniopharyngiomas and Pineal Region Tumors
•   Hemifacial spasms
•   Craniostenosis
•   Cerebro-spinal fluid fistulas
•   Cerebral aneurysms
•   Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
•   Approaches and Reconstructive Techniques
•   Endoscopic Techniques Traditional or open skull base surgery
•   Endoscopic or minimally-invasive skull base surgery
•   Advanced Microscopic, Laser and Ultrasonic Techniques

Market Analysis : In the market for skull base therapy, endoscopic approaches have played a significant role. In the projected period of 2021 to 2028, the surgical endoscopes market is expected to increase at a CAGR of 6.1 percent, reaching USD 4,185.80 million. The growing preference for minimally invasive surgeries is propelling the surgical endoscope market forward. From 2021 to 2028, the global endoscopy devices market is predicted to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.3 percent. One of the primary factors driving the market is the shift in the trend of healthcare professionals and patients switching from traditional open surgeries to minimally invasive procedures.

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Trauma and Critical Care

A abrupt injury to the head or spine causes neurotrauma. Concussions, traumatic brain injuries, skull fractures, spinal column fractures, and spinal cord injuries are all part of this category. Traumatic brain injury can be classified as either primary or secondary, depending on whether it is caused by the force associated with the neurotrauma or develops as a result of the neurotrauma. Neurotrauma is still a leading source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Primary neurologic injury prevention is a major public health priority. The goal of critical care for a patient who has suffered a neurotrauma is to prevent further damage. Potential neuroprotection medicines still require a lot more investigation.

Sub-tracks:
•   Mild TBI, Blast Injuries and Sports-related Concussion
•   Moderate to Severe TBI
•   Chronic Subdural Haematoma
•   Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
•   Neuro Intensive care
•   Preclinical studies
•   Pediatric trauma
•   Quality assessment
•   Patient safety
•   Rehabilitation
•   Prehospital management
•   Neuroimaging
•   Neurocritical Care for TBI and SCI

Market Analysis : Treatment for neurotrauma is a long-term commitment. The global market for non-invasive brain trauma monitoring devices is estimated to reach USD 16.99 billion by 2026, growing at a 7.7% CAGR. The use of non-invasive brain trauma monitoring devices in neurotrauma and other brain illnesses is expected to drive the market. According to the report, the worldwide critical care equipment market is expected to increase at an annual rate of 8.7% from 2019 to 2025. Critical care equipment in intensive care units is designed to provide round-the-clock care and monitoring.

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Neuroradiology

Neuroimaging techniques are used in the field of radiology known as neuroradiology to recognise and categorise abnormalities of the spine, head and neck, and central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuroradiology has the ability to identify a variety of medical disorders, including arteriovenous malformations, tumours, aneurysms, and strokes.

Neuroradiology is becoming more important in the diagnosis of neuropathologic illnesses as current technology develops. Cross-sectional imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, has revolutionised diagnostic procedures for disease of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Modern, sophisticated imaging techniques like functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and perfusion imaging can provide extra, helpful information that can aid in diagnosis and therapy response monitoring. Therefore, the neuroradiologist and neuropathologist should collaborate to provide knowledge that is clinically useful. The practising neuropathologist can tremendously benefit from being conversant with neuroradiology imaging tests and fundamental neuroimaging patterns.

Market Analysis: The market for interventional neuroradiology has shown steady expansion over the past few years, and it is anticipated that the market will expand significantly from 2020 to 2027.

The global market for radiology was valued at USD 26.6 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow to USD 43.04 billion by 2029, displaying a CAGR of 6.20% over the forecast period of 2022-2029.

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Neurorobotics

Neurorobotics is a new transdisciplinary research field that combines the fields of robotics, artificial intelligence, and neurology.

Neurorobotics is the design and manufacture of robot bodies that mimic the structure and function of the nervous system while incorporating an embedded brain and embedded control systems.

Neurorobots can be categorised into a number of major groups depending on their intended function. Research on motor control, memory, action selection, and perception regularly make use of neurorobots.

•   Locomotion and motor control
•   Learning and memory systems
•   Action selection and value systems
•   Sensory perception

Neurorobotics helps neuroscientists test numerous hypotheses about how the brain functions since it gives them a clean slate to do so in a regulated setting. Robots are more specialised and allow for more direct examination of the problem at hand, despite being simplified copies of the systems they replicate.

Furthermore, they have the advantage of always being visible, whereas it is more challenging to observe a significant amount of an animal's brain when it is moving, especially individual neurons.

The development of neuroscience has led to new neurological therapies. Pharmaceuticals and neurological rehabilitation fall within this category. Understanding the complicated workings of the brain is necessary for progress. Due to the risk involved with cranial procedures, studying the brain is challenging, especially in humans. The kind of testing and investigations that can be run to better understand neurological processes are made possible by neurorobots.

The following characteristics describe a neurorobot:

•   It performs a behavioural action.
•   It is located in a real-world setting.
•   It is capable of recognising environmental stimuli and responding to them.
•   Its behaviour is managed by a synthetic neurological system whose architecture and dynamics, to some extent, correspond to those of the brain.

Market Analysis: The size of the global market for neurorehabilitation was estimated at $1,097.69 million in 2020 and is expected to grow to $ 2,451.25 million by 2030, with a CAGR of 8.3% from 2021 to 2030.

In order to reduce and/or make up for any functional changes brought on by a nervous system damage, neurorehabilitation is a sophisticated medical procedure. Its goals are to speed up recovery after a nervous system injury.

The Global Neurorehabilitation Devices Market was valued at USD 1,448.97 Million in 2020 and is anticipated to reach USD 4,933.67 Million by 2028, increasing at a CAGR of 16.75% from 2021 to 2028, according to Verified Market Research.

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Advanced Imaging Techniques

Advanced imaging techniques are a group of cutting-edge methods and technologies that are used to observe and study objects, chemicals, or biological structures in greater detail and with higher resolution than traditional imaging methods. These methods have applications in medicine, biology, materials science, and physics.

Here are some examples of advanced imaging techniques:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Functional MRI (fMRI): Maps brain activity by measuring changes in blood flow.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI): This imaging technique visualizes white matter tracts in the brain.

MRS (Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy): This technique provides chemical information about tissues.

Computed Tomography (CT):

Dual-Energy CT: Determines the energy absorption of different materials.

Cone Beam CT: A 3D imaging technique used in dentistry and orthopedics.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET): A hybrid imaging technique that combines PET with CT (PET-CT) or MRI (PET-MRI).It is used to investigate metabolic and functional processes in the body.

Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT): This technique is similar to PET, except it employs different radioactive tracers.

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS): Improves image quality by using microbubble contrast agents.

Elastography: A technique for measuring tissue stiffness that can be used to diagnose liver fibrosis and breast lesions.

Optical imaging:

Confocal Microscopy: This technique generates high-resolution 3D images of biological specimens.

Multiphoton Microscopy: Enables deep tissue imaging while causing little photodamage.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A high-resolution imaging technique used in ophthalmology and dermatology.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Solid-State NMR: Investigates the atomic structure of solid materials.

Electron Microscopy :

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): This technique produces ultra-high-resolution images of thin sections of specimens.

SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy): Creates 3D pictures of specimen surfaces.

X-ray Imaging:

Phase-Contrast Soft tissue contrast in X-ray pictures is improved.

X-ray Fluorescence (XRF): Maps the element distribution in a sample.

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS): This technique measures variations in blood oxygenation in the brain and is valuable for cognitive research.

Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) and Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy (STED) provide sub-diffraction-limit resolution.

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI): High-contrast imaging with superparamagnetic nanoparticles, primarily in preclinical research.

Elastography: A technique for measuring tissue stiffness in order to diagnose various disorders such as liver fibrosis and breast cancer.

Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM): A technique for examining the three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules like proteins and viruses at near-atomic resolution.

MSI (Mass Spectrometry Imaging): This technique combines mass spectrometry with spatial data to map the distribution of molecules in tissues.

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Personalized Medicine

Precision medicine, also known as personalized medicine, is a medical treatment and healthcare method that tailors medical decisions, practices, interventions, and therapies to individual patients based on their unique characteristics. These variables may include genetic make-up, genomic data, environmental factors, lifestyle decisions, and other patient-specific information. Personalized medicine seeks to improve the efficacy and safety of medical therapies while minimizing adverse effects.

Among the key components and principles of customized medicine are:

Genomic Data: Genetic and genomic data, including DNA sequencing, are critical components of customized treatment. Healthcare providers can identify genetic differences that may predispose an individual to certain diseases, change their reaction to specific treatments, or influence their overall health by evaluating an individual's genetic composition.

Tailored Treatment Plans: Personalized medicine involves creating treatment plans that are unique to each patient. This may include selecting drugs, doses, and treatment regimens based on a specific individual's genetic and clinical profile.

Risk Assessment: Genetic testing and other diagnostic technologies can assist determine a person's risk of developing certain diseases. This data enables proactive techniques such as early diagnosis and prevention.

Pharmacogenomics: is the study of how a person's genetic composition effects their reaction to drugs. It can assist healthcare providers in selecting the most appropriate medications and dosages, lowering the risk of adverse reactions or treatment failure.

Disease prevention: Personalized medicine emphasizes disease prevention by identifying an individual's unique risk factors and adapting interventions that reduce those risks. Lifestyle suggestions, for example, might be adjusted to an individual's genetics and environmental circumstances.

Cancer Treatment: Personalized medicine has significantly influenced cancer therapy. It involves discovering the genetic alterations that are causing a patient's cancer and then selecting targeted medicines that selectively target those mutations. This method has the potential to improve treatment outcomes while reducing adverse effects.

Data Integration: Personalized medicine is based on the integration of multiple forms of patient data, such as genetics, clinical history, imaging, and environmental factors. To make sense of this complicated information, advanced data analysis and computational techniques are frequently applied.

Patient Engagement: Patients are frequently actively involved in their healthcare decisions in personalized medicine. They may be encouraged to undergo genetic testing, share lifestyle information, and work with healthcare specialists to develop individualized treatment strategies.

Ethical and privacy concerns: Because customized medicine is strongly reliant on genetic and personal data, ethical and privacy concerns are crucial. Patient data security and informed consent are critical features of this discipline.

Research and Innovation: Personalized medicine is a developing subject that benefits from going on research and technological improvements. New discoveries in genetics, biomarkers, and treatment techniques continue to change personalized medical practice.

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Neuroinformatics

Neuroinformatics is a multidisciplinary area that develops and applies computational tools and data management approaches to enhance neuroscience research. It combines neuroscience, computer science, and information technology to enable the collection, organization, analysis, and sharing of data pertaining to the anatomy and function of the nervous system. Neuroinformatics is critical to furthering our understanding of the brain and its problems.

Here are some of the most important aspects of neuroinformatics:

Data Integration and Management: Neuroinformatics is the development of databases and data management systems that store and organize massive volumes of neuroscientific data, such as MRI, fMRI, and PET brain imaging data, electrophysiological recordings, genetic information, and clinical data. These databases enable researchers to share and collaborate on data.

Data Analysis and Visualization: Neuroinformatics tools include software and algorithms that are used to handle and analyze neuroimaging and electrophysiological data. These technologies aid scientists in identifying patterns, correlations, and abnormalities in brain data. Complex brain structures and functions are shown using advanced visualization techniques.

Platforms for Neuroinformatics: Several platforms and efforts for neuroinformatics have been formed to give researchers with access to standardized datasets, software tools, and resources. The Human Brain Project and the Allen Brain Atlas are two examples. By encouraging collaboration and data exchange, these platforms hope to accelerate brain research.

Brain Atlases and Mapping: Neuroinformatics helps to create detailed brain atlases and mapping projects. These atlases contain detailed anatomical and functional information about the brain, allowing researchers to explore and investigate brain structures and regions.

Modeling and stimulation: Computational models and simulations are critical in neuroscience for testing ideas and understanding brain functioning. Neuroinformatics is concerned with the creation of neural network models and simulations that imitate the behavior of neurons and brain circuits.

Connectomics: is the study of the brain's connectivity patterns, including neural network mapping. Neuroinformatics is critical in processing and evaluating large-scale connectome data, which helps us comprehend brain connectivity.

Neuroimaging Informatics: In neuroimaging investigations, neuroinformatics tools are used to preprocess, analyze, and visualize data from techniques such as MRI, fMRI, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). These instruments aid in the identification of brain structures and functional regions.

Critical applications: Neuroinformatics is utilized in clinical neuroscience to help in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. It can aid in the integration of patient data, medical imaging, and genetic information in order to improve patient care and provide tailored treatment strategies.

Ethical and privacy considerations: Working with sensitive brain data poses ethical and privacy concerns. To preserve individuals' privacy and rights, neuroinformatics researchers work on building secure and ethical norms for data sharing and preservation.

Machine Learning and AI: In neuroinformatics, machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques are rapidly being used to automate data analysis, find trends, and forecast outcomes. These technologies have the potential to speed neuroscience breakthroughs.

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Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a medical treatment that includes replacing or modifying faulty genes with healthy ones in order to treat or prevent genetic disorders and certain diseases. It is a promising topic of biotechnology and medicine with the ability to address the molecular origins of numerous hereditary disorders.

The following are some important characteristics of gene therapy:

Gene Therapy Types:

Somatic Gene Therapy (SGT): This involves modifying the genes within an individual's body cells other than their reproductive cells (germ line). It tries to treat or reduce the symptoms of a disease in the individual being treated but has no effect on their offspring.

Germline Gene Therapy: This therapy focuses on the genetic material found in reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells) or very early embryos. It has the capacity to pass on genetic alterations to future generations. Germline gene therapy is very controversial due to ethical and safety concerns, and it is now prohibited in a number of nations.

Methods of Delivery:

Viral vectors: Most gene therapy techniques rely on viruses to deliver therapeutic genes into the patient's cells. Viruses are modified to remove disease-causing qualities while still carrying the desired genes.

Non-viral Vectors: Some approaches use non-viral methods means to transport genes, such as liposomes or nanoparticles.

Applications:

Monogenic disorders: Gene therapy has showed promise in treating single-gene disorders such as cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, and certain types of inherited blindness.

Cancer: It can be used to modify a patient's immune cells so that they can target and destroy cancer cells (for example, CAR-T cell therapy).

hereditary Diseases: Gene therapy has the potential to treat hereditary diseases such hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, and thalassemia.

Neurodegenerative disorders: Research on gene treatments for disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease is ongoing.

Rare Diseases: Although there is no cure for many rare genetic disorders, gene therapy gives hope for some of these conditions.

Challenges:

Safety: It is critical to ensure the safety of gene therapy since unintended genetic changes can have unpredictable consequences.

Efficacy: Not all gene therapies are equally effective, and their success might vary depending on factors such as the precise genetic mutation, the method of administration, and the patient's immunological reaction.

Ethical Issues: Germline gene therapy poses ethical concerns due to the possibility of hereditary changes and unintended consequences.

Cost and Accessibility: Gene therapies can be expensive and may not be available to everyone, raising affordability and fair distribution difficulties.

Regulation: To assure the safety and efficacy of gene therapy products, regulatory agencies in various countries, such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), actively monitor and regulate them.

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Neural Interface and Brain-Computer Interface BCI

A neural interface is a technology that allows direct connection between the brain and external equipment such as computers or robotic systems. It is also known as a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) or Brain-Machine Interface (BMI). Medical applications, assistive technology, and even enhancing human capacities can all benefit from these interfaces.

Here are some of the most important aspects of brain interfaces and BCIs:

Neural Interface Types:

Invasive BCIs: These procedures involve implanting electrodes or microelectrode arrays directly into brain tissue. Invasive BCIs have a high degree of precision and are frequently employed in research and medical applications.

Non-invasive BCIs: These interfaces do not require surgical implantation and typically detect brain activity using external sensors. Non-invasive BCIs that are commonly used include electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Medical Applications: BCIs have been used to help people who are paralyzed or have significant motor limitations. They can help individuals manipulate robotic limbs, connect with computers, and restore some of their freedom.

Research: BCIs are critical instruments for investigating brain functioning and recording brain activity in research. They're used in neuroscience, psychology, and cognitive science.

Augmentation: Some BCIs are designed to improve human capacities, such as memory, cognition, or sensory perception. These are still in the early stages of development.

Control and communication:

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can convert brain signals into commands for external devices. A person with motor neuron disease, for example, may utilize a BCI to control a computer cursor or a robotic arm just by thinking about the desired movements.
BCIs can also enable two-way communication by allowing users to transmit and receive data via brain signals. This is especially crucial for those who have locked-in syndrome or other diseases that limit their capacity to move or communicate.

Limitations and difficulties:

Non-invasive vs. invasive: Invasive BCIs provide more precision but come with surgical risks and are more difficult to adopt. Non-invasive BCIs are less dangerous, but have inferior spatial resolution.

Training and Adaptation: Users frequently require training to use BCIs efficiently, and the technology may not be appropriate for everyone.

Ethical and privacy concerns have emerged as BCIs progress, raising concerns about privacy, security, and the potential exploitation of brain data.

Future Prospects:
Ongoing research attempts to increase BCI safety, accuracy, and use.

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Neurorehabilitation

Neurorehabilitation is a multidisciplinary approach to treating and recovering people who have neurological illnesses or injuries. Its primary goal is to assist patients in regaining functional abilities, independence, and a higher quality of life after diseases such as strokes, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and other neurological disorders.

Here are some important components of neurorehabilitation:

Multidisciplinary Group: A team of healthcare professionals, including neurologists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, neuropsychologists, social workers, and rehabilitation nurses, is typically involved in neurorehabilitation. Each team member brings specialized knowledge to bear on various areas of the patient's needs.

Assessment and Goal Setting: The rehabilitation process starts with a thorough evaluation of the patient's physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. Based on this evaluation, rehabilitation goals are developed in consultation with the patient and their family, with a focus on particular functional gains and milestones.

Physical Therapy: Physical therapy is an essential component of neurorehabilitation. It aids in the recovery of patients' mobility, strength, balance, and coordination. Gait training, exercises, and the use of assistance devices such as walkers or wheelchairs are examples of techniques.

Occupational therapy: assists patients in relearning or adapting daily routines such as dressing, cooking, and grooming. Therapists help patients develop their fine motor skills, cognitive abilities, and adaptive methods in order to increase their independence.

Speech and Language Therapy: Speech therapists work with individuals who have communication problems as a result of neurological issues. They also assist people who have difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) in improving their ability to eat comfortably.

Cognitive Rehabilitation: is provided by neuropsychologists and other professionals to address memory, attention, problem-solving, and other cognitive impairments caused by neurological injuries or disorders.

Psychological and Emotional Support: Neurorehabilitation understands the need of addressing the psychological and emotional issues that frequently accompany neurological diseases. Psychologists and social workers provide counseling and support to patients and their families in order to help them cope with the emotional effects of these diseases.

Community reintegration: Rehabilitation frequently includes training to assist patients in reintegrating back into their communities. This could include putting abilities to use in real-world situations and dealing with social issues.

Assistive equipment and Technology: To increase the patient's independence, neurorehabilitation may include the use of assistive equipment such as mobility aids, communication devices, and adaptive technology.

Patient and Family Education: A major element of neurorehabilitation is educating patients and their families about the nature of the neurological disorder, treatment alternatives, and coping strategies.

Long-term Care and Support: Individuals with chronic neurological diseases may require continuous care and support in order to sustain functional progress and effectively manage symptoms.

Research and Innovation: Advances in neurorehabilitation techniques and technologies continue to evolve as a result of continuing study and innovation in the field.

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Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Therapy

Regenerative medicine and stem cell treatment are cutting-edge fields of medical science that hold enormous promise for treating a wide range of diseases and injuries. They are primarily concerned with utilizing the body's innate ability to repair and replace damaged or diseased tissues.

Here is an overview of these two disciplines:

1. Regenerative Medicine:

Regenerative medicine is a vast interdisciplinary area that incorporates ideas from biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and medicine to restore, replace, or regenerate damaged tissues and organs in the body.

Regenerative medicine's essential components include:

Cell-based therapy: Cell-based therapy is introducing cells into the patient's body, such as stem cells or specialized cells, in order to encourage tissue regeneration.

Tissue engineering: In the lab, scientists use a combination of cells, scaffolds, and growth factors to create artificial tissues and organs.

Biomaterials: The creation of materials that are compatible with the body in order to facilitate tissue regeneration and repair.

Gene therapy: Gene therapy is the process of altering or replacing faulty genes in order to remedy genetic illnesses.

Regenerative medicine has the potential to transform the treatment of ailments such as heart disease, diabetes, and spinal cord injuries, among others. It is especially important in the field of organ transplantation, since it may one day eliminate the need for donor organs by developing lab-grown alternatives.

2. Stem Cell Therapy: A subgroup of regenerative medicine that focuses on the use of stem cells to treat various diseases and injuries is stem cell therapy. Stem cells are special in that they can develop into several cell types in the body.

Stem cells are classified into various types:

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells that can develop into any cell type in the body and are derived from early-stage embryos.

Adult stem cells: Adult stem cells are multipotent or tissue-specific stem cells present throughout the body in diverse tissues and organs. They can only differentiate into a few different cell types.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): Adult cells that have been reprogrammed to become pluripotent, comparable to embryonic stem cells, are known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

The extraction and manipulation of stem cells to treat specific illnesses is known as stem cell therapy.

For example:

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: This procedure is used to treat blood problems and certain types of cancer.

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: Mesenchymal stem cell treatment has been used to treat a variety of musculoskeletal and inflammatory diseases.

iPSC-based therapy: This type of therapy is used for customized medicine and disease modeling.

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Telemedicine in Neurology

Telemedicine in neurology refers to the use of telecommunication technology to assist patients with neurological diseases with remote medical care, consultation, and monitoring. Neurology is a medical speciality that focuses on nervous system problems, which include the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. Telemedicine in neurology has grown in importance, particularly in situations where access to neurological care is limited or patients are unable to conveniently travel to a healthcare institution.

Here are some major characteristics of telemedicine in neurology:

Consultations and Diagnosis: Telemedicine enables neurologists to conduct virtual consultations with patients in order to assess symptoms, examine medical history, and provide preliminary diagnoses.
Neurologists can use diagnostic techniques such as video conferencing to watch patient movements, speech, and other neurological indicators that can aid in diagnosis.
While some neurological diseases may still necessitate in-person exams and tests, telemedicine can assist in determining the urgency of the problem and directing patients to the right care.

Follow-Up Care: Patients with chronic neurological diseases including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson's disease can benefit from telemedicine follow-up consultations.
Through virtual consultations, neurologists can monitor disease development, change medications, and address any concerns or side effects, improving patient convenience and adherence to therapy regimens.

Second opinions:Telemedicine allows patients to obtain second opinions from specialized neurologists without having to travel long distances.
This is especially useful in complex neurological conditions or when patients seek more information about their treatment options.

Remote Monitoring: Some neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, necessitate constant monitoring, such as seizure activity tracking.
Patients can use wearable gadgets and smartphone apps to record and transmit data to their neurologists, who can subsequently make therapy adjustments as needed.

Education and Counseling: Telemedicine can be used to educate and counsel patients and caregivers about neurological diseases, medications, and lifestyle modifications.
Virtual support groups and instructional seminars are also available.

Telestroke Programs: Telestroke programs are specialized telemedicine initiatives that link rural hospitals or clinics with stroke specialists.
By administering clot-busting drugs or arranging for transfer to a stroke center when necessary, timely evaluation and treatment of stroke patients via telestroke can greatly improve outcomes.

Rural and Underserved Areas: Telemedicine in neurology can help patients in rural or underserved areas have access to neurological care when professional neurologists are rare.

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Scope & Importance

The scope of this report is to discuss the market of Neurology and Neurosurgery:

The Neurology Device market is growing rapidly with CAGR of 4% from USD 33 billion in 2019 to USD USD 39 billion in by 2023. The neurology device market can be divided into two segments. The neurology market segmented according to device types which includes neurosurgical devices, CSF devices, neurostimulation devices, and the cerebrospinal fluid devices accounts for the maximum share of the market. According to the geography segment, it is divided into the following regions: North America, Eastern Europe, Middle East, South America, Asia-Pacific, and Africa. Among these Asia-Pacific is the fastest-growing region and North America is the largest market for Neurological devices.

Euro Neurology 2020

Global Neurosurgery market was valued at USD 12500 million in 2017 which is expected to increase during 2018-2026 at a rate of 8.0% CAGR. The global neurosurgery market is growing at substantial growth. Neurosurgery device market has major role of countries form North America (USA, Canada, and Mexico), Europe (UK, France, Germany, and Russia), Asia-Pacific (India, China, and Korea), South America (Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina) and Africa and Middle East (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and South Africa).

The major companies playing role in Neurology and Neurosurgery market are Zeppelin Medical Instruments, Abbott Laboratories, Ackermann, Zeiss, Medtronic, Merit Medical, Toshiba Medical, Boston Scientific Corporation, and Stryker Corporation.

According to a study, there are 17,000 neurologists are there in the USA with an average per annum salary is USD 160,000 and the number of neurologists is likely to increase to 18000+ till 2025. There are approximately 3,600 neurosurgeons in the USA and getting annual pay of USG 540,000.

Target Audience:

Neurology Market Overview in USA :

USA Neurology Market growth is due to an increased prevalence of neurological disorders such as migraine, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors and epilepsy. In addition, technological advances and the need for early diagnosis of neurological disorders are contributing to market growth. Furthermore, it is expected that the increase in the elderly population will also contribute to the growth of the market.

According to the United States, for example, the Census Bureau predicts that the elderly population in the United States will reach 77 million by 2034. Increasing government funding for neurological research and development is also expected to support market growth. For example, in December 2019, the US Congress approved US $ 350 million annual funding for research and development in the areas of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

The global neurobiomarker market is estimated to be US $ 6.1 billion in 2020 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.9% from 2020 to 2028. The US neurological disorder market is estimated to be US $ 19291.20M in 2021, growing at a CAGR of 3.64% during the forecast period and reaching US $ 24770.44M by 2028. North America dominated the global neural device market with a 58.5% share in 2019, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific.

In 2016, epilepsy accounted for approximately 13 million disability-adjusted life years and more than 0.5% of the world's disease burden, according to the WHO. The increase in cases of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly is expected to spur market growth. For example, according to WHO, about 50 million people worldwide suffer from dementia, and about 10 million new cases are reported each year. In addition, according to the Alzheimer's Disease Association, an estimated 13.8 million people over the age of 65 will have Alzheimer's disease by 2050. In the United States, it is estimated that in 2020, approximately 5.8 million people over the age of 65 will be affected by Alzheimer's disease.

Of the 800,000 strokes that occur each year in the United States, up to 15% of these patients are candidates for neurovascular thrombectomy. It takes less than 5% to reach a stroke center with a stent recovery device or suction catheter. With the rapid introduction of suction catheters, the amount of thrombectomy is increasing to meet the needs of patients. Patients suffering from Covid-19 are reported to have neurological symptoms that are expected to create a favorable environment for further growth in the market.

Neurology Market Overview in Europe :

The main drivers of growth in the European market are increasing prevalence of neurological disorders, huge private investment in neurosurveillance devices, increased R & D in the field of neurotherapy, and an increasing population aging. The growth of the European neuro-monitoring device market also increases the incidence of neurological disorders such as cerebral aneurysms, brain tumors, epilepsy, memory disorders, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and spinal cord tumors.

Germany has a world-class health care system that offers affordable treatment. The stroke rate is 51.7 per 100,000 people in the country. Germany also has a very high stroke mortality rate, with 75,861 deaths annually. Due to this increased incidence, the demand for neurovascular disease is expected to increase during the prediction interval.

In Italy, the healthcare system is growing with the development of neurology. Each year, 120,000 people suffer a stroke and an additional 930,000 are affected by stroke-related disorders. In addition, the elderly population is increasing in Italy, contributing to the increase in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.

In Spain, stroke is the third leading cause of death after Alzheimer's disease and ischemic heart disease. The government is also increasing investment in the healthcare system. Such factors drive market growth in these countries. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease has increased over the years in the developed regions of Europe. This is mainly due to the increase in the elderly population.

In addition, according to the United Nations 2017 World Aging Population Report, the population over the age of 60 accounts for 23.9% of the UK population, and the report estimates that it will increase to 31.5% by 2050. As a result, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease is expected to increase in the future. This will increase the demand for Parkinson's disease monitoring devices that support market growth.

The size of the European interventional neurology market is estimated to be worth US $ 583.82 million in 2022 and reach US $ 890.07 million by the end of 2027. The specific increase in benefits provided by the methods of interventional neurology and the increase in the number of hospitals and diagnostic centers create even more favorable market growth opportunities.

The neurovascular devices market is estimated for $2,935 million in 2019, and is estimated to reach $3,712 million by 2027, registering a CAGR of 5.2% from 2020 to 2027. Increasing prevalence of neurovascular disease will drive market growth. For example, according to the European Stroke Alliance, stroke will increase by 34% between 2015 and 2035.

Neurology Market Overview in Asia :

Neurological disorders are steadily increasing in Asia. According to a 2015 WHO survey, Asia is home to 60% of the world's population, but Asia has only about 20% of the world's neurologists, further reducing the proportion of treatments available. I am. This unmet demand for treatment provides opportunities for Western neurology companies to expand and grow in the region.

Of the more than 600 neurological disorders worldwide, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders are the most common in Asia. Currently, more than a quarter of Japan's population is over 65, but other countries such as South Korea, China, Taiwan and Singapore are all expected to age rapidly. It is the most common neurodegenerative disease in Asia, accounting for more than 60% of all cases. There are an estimated 7 million people with Alzheimer's disease in China, 4 million in India and 1.5 million in Japan. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in Asia, but its prevalence in Asia is slightly lower than in Europe and North America.

Japan dominates the interventional neural device market in terms of market share and market profits and is set to further increase its dominance during the forecast period. This is due to the presence of major major players and a large target patient population in the region. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is projected to show the highest growth rates during the forecast period due to improved healthcare infrastructure and increased awareness of neurosurgeons about the benefits of interventional neural devices in the region.

The Asia Pacific neurology devices market was valued at USD 13,572.1 Mn in 2019 and expected to grow at a significant CAGR 5.9% and will reach USD 44,045.9 Mn by 2027. Key factors driving market growth include an increase in the aging population, an increasing prevalence of neurological disorders, and the development of new and drug development technologies. The Asia Pacific interventional neurology market is worth US $ 450 million in 2022 and US $ 724.13 million by the end of 2027. It is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 4.1% from 2020 to 2027. Market growth is due to key factors such as increased prevalence of neurological disorders and increased attention to neurobiomarker research.

Neurology Market Overview in Middle East :

The Middle East Neurological device market is estimated to be US $ 19.6 billion in 2019 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of over 5.5% during the forecast period. Market value is projected to increase to $ 40.7 million during the forecast period from 2020 to 2027. This growth is expected to be driven by dynamic innovation and technological advances. The majority of Middle Eastern countries are adopting technological advances early on, providing a wide range of opportunities for medical device companies. Technological advances focused on improving efficiency and accuracy are expected during the forecast period.

Neurology market in The Middle East is estimated to be USD 168.81million as of 2022 and it is expected to grow with CAGR 8.56% and expected to reach USD 254.54 million by 2027 .The Middle East neurological monitoring markets are expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period. Neuropathy is increasingly recognized as one of the most common illnesses that place a heavy burden on patients, their families and society. Therefore, neurological disorders contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in the region.

The Middle East and Africa neurorehabilitation device market states that the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 13.63% during the forecast period 2019-2028. Saudi Arabia, Turkey, South Africa, the United Arab Emirates, and other countries make up the markets in the region. By 2030, approximately 74.7 million people are expected to be affected by Alzheimer's disease. And that number is expected to grow to 131.5 million by 2050. Therefore, the increased burden of neurological disorders leads to a huge demand for neurorehabilitation equipment in these countries.

In addition, according to data released by WHO in 2018, deaths from Alzheimer's disease and dementia in Egypt account for 3.23% of all deaths in the country. About 600,000 people in Turkey are affected by dementia, of which 400,000 have Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, the elderly population in Japan has increased significantly. The increasing prevalence of disease as the population ages is expected to drive the Turkish neurorehabilitation device market during the forecast period. Neurological devices are used to treat illnesses and various neurological disorders. They are pathophysiological conditions that occur in the nervous system, brain, and spinal cord.

According to the World Population Aging 2019 Report, the United Arab Emirates population was 1,13,000 (1.2%) in 2019 for those aged 65 and over, but this figure is expected to increase to 5,48,000 (5.1%) annually by 2030. There are large categories of the elderly and the elderly population in this country, which may increase the need for treatment associated with neurological disorders. This is expected to steadily increase the number of patients with neurological disorders and increase the interest of existing players in investing in this country.

50 Neurological Treatments that are commonly used in the field of Neurology:

Antiepileptic medications (AEDs): Are used to control seizures in people with epilepsy.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): This treatment is used to treat Parkinson's disease and essential tremor.

Stroke Thrombolysis: Stroke thrombolysis is the treatment of ischemic strokes with clot-busting medicines.

Brain Surgery: To remove brain tumors or treat epilepsy.

Physical Therapy: Physical therapy is used to restore movement and function following neurological injury.

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Used in surgery to relax muscles.

Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Used to treat autoimmune neuromuscular diseases.

Ventricular Shunting: A procedure that drains extra cerebrospinal fluid to cure hydrocephalus.

Botulinum Toxin (Botox): This substance is used to treat illnesses such as dystonia and migraines

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: Targeted radiation therapy for brain malignancies.

Neuromodulation: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one example of neuromodulation.

Medications for Multiple Sclerosis: Multiple Sclerosis medications include disease-modifying treatments (DMTs).

Anticoagulants: These medications prevent blood clots that can lead to strokes.

Neurorehabilitation: Neurorehabilitation is a comprehensive therapy for the recovery of neurological injuries.

Carotid Endarterectomy: A procedure used to remove plaque from the carotid arteries.

Corticosteroids: These medications are used to alleviate inflammation in illnesses such as multiple sclerosis.

Nerve Blocks: Nerve blocks, such as epidural or peripheral nerve blocks, are used to relieve pain.

Antiparkinsonian Medications: Used to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms.

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): Used in some circumstances for diagnosis and therapy.

Antidepressants and anxiolytics: Are used to treat mood problems caused by neurological diseases.

Intrathecal Baclofen Pump: Used to treat severe spasticity caused by disorders such as cerebral palsy.

Biofeedback Therapy: This therapy assists patients in gaining control over physiological functioning.

Vestibular Rehabilitation: Is used to treat balance and dizziness issues.

Palliative care: Is used to improve the quality of life of those suffering from severe neurological disorders.

Gene Therapy: Gene Therapy is a new therapy method for certain genetic neurological illnesses.

Stem Cell Therapy: Stem cell therapy is being researched for several neurological illnesses in attempt to improve tissue restoration.

Gene Editing: CRISPR technology is being used to change genes in specific neurological diseases.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT): Is being researched for its potential advantages in neurological illnesses associated with the gut-brain axis.

Neuro prosthetics: Implantable devices that restore lost neurological function, such as brain-computer interfaces, are known as neuro prosthetics.

The ketogenic: Diet is used to treat epilepsy and is being researched for other neurological diseases.

Virtual Reality Therapy: Neurorehabilitation and pain management are aided by virtual reality therapy.

Targeted Therapies for Brain Tumors: Treatments that are tailored to the patient's genetic profile.

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES): Aids in muscle recovery following injury or surgery.

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: Monitoring intracranial pressure is critical in the treatment of serious brain injuries and hydrocephalus.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Used to treat the psychosocial elements of neurological illnesses.

Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery: Improves drug delivery precision to the brain.

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs): Enables direct connection between the brain and external devices.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): Is being researched for the treatment of mood disorders and cognitive enhancement.

Optogenetics: The use of light to regulate individual neurons, which is being investigated for various neurological investigations.

Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery: Less invasive techniques for the spine.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT): Is being researched for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Custom Implant 3D Printing: Creating patient-specific implants for cranial and spinal surgery.

Telemedicine and remote monitoring: These technologies improve access to neurological care and follow-up.

Neurofeedback Training: Assists individuals in regulating brain activity for a variety of functions.

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: Techniques such as transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) are examples of non-invasive brain stimulation.

Immunotherapies for Autoimmune Neurological Disorders: Examining the involvement of the immune system.

Exoskeletons: Mobility and rehabilitation aids following spinal cord injury.

Neuro pharmacogenomics: Personalized pharmacological treatment based on genetic characteristics is known as neuro pharmacogenomics.

Microbiome Manipulation: Exploring the gut-brain relationship for neurological health through microbiome manipulation.

Biomarker Detection: Advances in detecting early symptoms of neurological illnesses in order to intervene more effectively.

General overview of Neurologists salaries across the Globe:

Neurologists pay can vary greatly depending on factors such as geography, years of experience, the country's specific healthcare system, and the need for neurologists in that region.

Here is a broad breakdown of neurologists' wages around the world:

The United States: Neurologists annual salaries in the United States often range from $250,000 to $400,000 or more, depending on criteria such as location and sub-specialization.

Canada: Neurologists in Canada earn an average annual compensation of CAD 300,000 to CAD 400,000 or more.

United Kingdom: Neurologists pay in the United Kingdom vary depending on experience and location within the National Health Service (NHS). Neurologists in the United Kingdom can make between £80,000 and £150,000 per year on average.

Australia: Neurologists in Australia earn a good living. Neurologists in Australia earn an average annual pay of AUD 150,000 to AUD 300,000 or more.

Germany: Neurologists salary in Germany can vary depending on the healthcare sector (public or private). Neurologists in Germany might make between €80,000 and €150,000 per year on average.

India: Neurologists salary in India might vary widely depending on factors such as geography, experience, and the type of healthcare facility. Neurologists in India might make anything from INR 10 lakhs to INR 30 lakhs or more per year on average.

South Africa: Neurologists in South Africa are often paid well. Neurologists in South Africa earn an average annual compensation of ZAR 800,000 to ZAR 2 million or more.

Middle East: Neurologists salaries in Middle Eastern nations such as the UAE and Saudi Arabia can be fairly appealing, ranging from $150,000 to $300,000 or more per year, including benefits.

different Countries: Neurologists salary in different countries might vary greatly, thus it is critical to assess the region and its healthcare system.

Neurology and Neurosurgery societies:

USA:
American Academy of Neurology / American Neurological Association (ANA) / Society for Neuroscience / Child Neurology Society / World Federation of Neurology / Florida Society of Neurology / American Association of Neurological Surgeons / Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) / American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology / Neurosurgical Society of America (NSA) / Western Neurosurgical Society / Society of Neurological Surgeons / World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies / International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery / Epilepsy Foundation / American Epilepsy Society / Epilepsy Society / American Clinical Neurophysiology Society / Child Neurology Society / American Clinical Neurophysiology Society / American Academy of Pediatrics / Epilepsy Association / Professional Stroke Organizations / Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy / North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society / Neurocritical Care Society / American Osteopathic Board of Neurology and Psychiatry / Alzheimer Association / American Headache Society / Massachusetts Neurologic Association / The American Society of Neuroimaging / North American Neuromodulation Society / Professional Stroke Organizations / World Stroke Organization / Epilepsy Center of Northwest Ohio / Dravet Syndrome Foundation / Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy / National Association of Epilepsy Centers / American Parkinson Disease Association / Brooklyn Parkinson Group / Capital Area Parkinson's Society / Central Ohio Parkinson Society / Hawaii Parkinson Association / Houston Area Parkinson Society / Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research / Muhammad Ali Parkinson's Center & Movement Disorders Clinic / National Parkinson Foundation / Parkinson Alliance / Parkinson Association of the Rockies / Parkinson's Disease Foundation / Parkinsons Institute and Clinical Center / Parkinson's Resource Organization / International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

Europe:

European Academy of Neurology / European Neurological Society / European Pediatric Neurology Society: EPNS / European Association of Neurosurgical Societies / European Stroke Organisation / Stroke Alliance for Europe / European Stroke Organisation / Epilepsy Alliance Europe Task Force / International League against Epilepsy / British Epilepsy Association / British Pediatric Neurology Association / Epilepsy Action / International Bureau for Epilepsy / National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke / Movement Disorder Society / European Parkinson's Disease Association / Cure Parkinson's Trust / Neuroförbundet / Párkinson Albacete / Párkinson Alicante / Deutsche Parkinson Vereinigung / Jung & Parkinson / Kompetenznetz Parkinson / Verein Parkinson Nurses und Assistenten / Parkinson Slovácko / Parkinson Selbsthilfe Österreich / Parkinsonline (PON) Austria / Alzheimer Europe / Alzheimer's Disease International / Federation of European Neuroscience Societies / European Association for NeuroOncology / Federazione Alzheimer Italia / Alzheimer Society of Ireland / Hungarian Alzheimer Society

Asia:

Neurology Asia / Federation of Asian-Oceanian Neuroscience Societies / Asian Ocean Association of Neurology / Asian Society for Neuro-Oncology / Neurological Society of India / Indian Academy of Neurology / Indian Society of Neuro-Oncology / Mongolian Neuroscience Society / Australasian Neuroscience Society / Asian Australasian Society of Neurological Surgeons / Parkinson's Disease Society / Parkinson's Disease Foundation / Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Society / Parkinson's Disease Patients Welfare Society / Taiwan Parkinson Association / Parkinson’s Support Group / Yayasan Peduli Parkinson Indonesia / Malaysian Parkinson's Disease Association / Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology / Japanese Society of Neurology / Japan Neuroscience Society / Japan Neurosurgical Society / The Neurospinal Society of Japan / Taiwan Neurosurgical Spine Society / Alzheimer's & Related Disorders Society of India / Alzheimer's Association Japan / Jordan Alzheimer’s Association / Alzheimer's Association of Israel / Iran Dementia & Alzheimer's Association / Alzheimer's Indonesia / Hong Kong Alzheimer's Disease Association / Dementia Care Foundation Bangladesh / Qatar Alzheimer’s Society / Korean Association for Dementia / Foundation Alzrus / Saudi Alzheimer's Disease Association / Japanese Society of Child Neurology

Middle East and other regions:

Emirates Neurology Society / Society for Arab Neuroscientists / Saudi Neurology Society / Pan Arab Union of Neurological Societies / Israel Society for Neuroscience (ISFN) / Iranian Neurological Association / OMAN Neurology Society / Bahrain Medical Society / Bahrain Neurological Association / Egyptian Society of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery / African Academy of Neurology / Neurological Association of South Africa / Society of Neuroscientists of Africa / Southern African Neuroscience Society: SANS / Australian and New Zealand Association of Neurologists / Neurosurgical Society of Australasia / Australasian Neuroscience Society Inc / Australia and New Zealand Child Neurology Society (ANZCNS) / Australian Neuroscience Society / Tikvah4Parkinson / Africa Parkinson's Disease Foundation / Parki̇nson Hastaliği Derneği̇ / Parkinson's Disease & Related Movement Disorders Association of South Africa / Alzheimer's Family Support Group / Corporación Alzheimer Chile / Dementia Australia / Saudi Alzheimer's Disease Association / Qatar Alzheimer’s Society / Oman Alzheimer’s Society / Jordan Alzheimer’s Association / Alzheimer's South Africa

Hospitals:

North America:

Hospital for Sick Children / Providence Health & Services / Hartford Hospital / Scripps Health System San Diego / Nationwide Children's Hospital / Massachusetts General Hospital / University of Michigan Health System / Brigham and Women's Hospital / Children's Hospital Boston / Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology / Group Health Cooperative Health Care System Seattle / National Jewish Medical and Research Center / Baylor Health Care System / Peacehealth / Intermountain Healthcare / Houston Methodist / University of Utah Health Care / M D Anderson Cancer Center / Texas Health Resources Inc. / Mayo Clinic / Scott and White Memorial Hospital / Ochsner Health System / Cleveland Clinic / Nebraska Medical Center / Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center / Deer's Head Hospital Center / Navy Medicine / H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute / St Louis Children's Hospital / Allina Health / Gwinnett Medical Center Lawrenceville Georgia / Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center / Memorial Hermann Northeast Hospital / University of Chicago Hospitals / University of Virginia Health System / Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center / Mercy / Edmond Medical Center / MedStar Health / Sanford Health (Union Hospital Mayville North Dakota) / University of North Carolina Healthcare / Northwestern Medicine / Arizona State Hospital / Mount Sinai Medical Center New York / Lahey Clinic / Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics / University of Kentucky Healthcare Good Samaritan Hospital / Fox Chase Cancer Center / Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Banner Health / Partners Healthcare System / Texas Heart Institute at St Luke's Episcopal Hospital / Vancouver Island Health Authority / Advocate Health Care / Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Pediatric Hospital / Inova Health System Northern Virginia / Froedtert Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin / Tricare Military Health System / Johns Hopkins Medicine / Henry Ford Hospital / Edward Hospital & Health Services / UCLA University of California Los Angeles Health System / Indiana University Health / BayHealth Medical Center / Baptist Health System / Children's Hospital of Philadelphia / St Jude Children's Research Hospital / Georgia Regents Health System / London Health Sciences Centre / Munson Healthcare (Mercy Hospital Cadillac) / Kaiser Permanente / Long Island Jewish Medical Center / Nemours Healthcare for Children / Aurora Health Care / Carolinas Healthcare System / Seattle Children's Hospital and Medical Center / University Hospitals of Cleveland Ohio / New York Presbyterian / Lower Manhattan Hospital / Lifebridge Health / William Beaumont Hospital / Hospital for Special Surgery / University of Pittsburgh Medical Center / University of Maryland Medical Center / Santé Montérégie / Sutter Health Hospitals / University Health Network / University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics / Fairview Health Services / Rex Healthcare / Vancouver Coastal Health / City of Hope Duarte – California / Kennedy Krieger Institute / Childrens Hospital Los Angeles / University of Wisconsin Health / Alberta Health Services / Fraser Health / Emory Healthcare / Cedars Sinai Medical Center / Dana Farber Cancer Institute Boston / Centre for Addiction & Mental Health

Europe:

Asia:

Dokkyo Medical University Hospital / Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital / Cancer Institute & Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Taipei Veterans General Hospital / Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo / National Taiwan University Hospital / Clalit Health Services / Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine / Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences & The Kasturba Hospital / Tata Memorial Centre / Chang Gung Memorial Hospital / Sankara Nethralaya Hospital / Fortis Healthcare / Sri Ramachandra University & Medical Centre / Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences / Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre / Hospital Authority / Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital / King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre / Beppu National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Severe Disabilities / Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel / Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua City / Assuta Medical Centers Assuta Hospital / National Cancer Center Hospital / Sheba Medical Center / L.R.S Institute of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases / National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry / Japan Hospital Association / Kyoto University Hospital / Barzilai Medical Center / Beijing Hospital / Guangdong Provincial TCM Hospital / Max Healthcare / Jilin University Bethune Hospital - First Hospital of Jilin University / Apollo Hospitals / Hadassah Medical Organization / Xinqiao Hospital Third Military Medical University / National Hospital Organization / Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing / National Center for Child Health and Development National Children's Medical Center Research Institute / Rambam Health Care Campus / Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center / Beijing Maternity Hospital / Guangzhou City Twelfth People's Hospital / Anhui Provincial Hospital / Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre / M.V Hospital for Diabetes and Diabetes Research Centre

Middle East and other regions:

National Guard Health Care Service / Royal Children's Hospital / Hadassah Medical Organization / Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine / Kbb Istanbul / Group Florence Nightingale Hastanesi / Dar Al Fouad Hospital / Babol University Hospitals / Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile / Royal Adelaide Hospital / Hospital San José Tec de Monterrey / Riyadh Military Hospital / Arab Contractors Medical Centre / Diani Beach Hospital Kenya / As Salam International Hospital / Mater Health Services Brisbane / ACIBADEM / Neuropsychiatric Hospital Aro Abeokuta / Clalit Health Services / Auckland District Health Board / Austin Health / Memorial Hospital / Assuta Medical Centers Assuta Hospital / Ege University Medical School & Hospital / Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clinicas / Cancer Institute / Institut Pasteur de Madagascar / INCA Instituto Nacional de Câncer / Ankara Saglik Müdürlügü / Baskent Universitesi Adana Hastanesi / Hospital El Cruce / Vkv Amerikan Hastanesi / Baker Heart Research Institute / Gambro Healthcare / Netcare Group / Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires / Haydarpasa Gata Arastirma Hastanesi / Centre Hospitalier Mohammed VI Marrakech / Sheba Medical Center / Hunter New England Health / Medical Park / Children's Hospital Trust / Baskent Universitesi Istanbul Tip Fakültesi / Sydney Adventist Hospital / Grupo Médica Sur / St John of God Health Care / Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein / Ganzouri Specialized Hospital / Children's Hospital at Westmead / King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women / Hamad Medical Corporation / Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center / Department Health & Human Services of Tasmania Royal Hobart Hospital / Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre / Life Healthcare Hospital Group / Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center / Clínica Alemana de Santiago de Chile / Edna Adan Maternity Hospital / Hospital de Câncer de Barretos Fundaçao Pio XII / Clínica las Condes / Rambam Health Care Campus / Melomed Hospital Holdings / Royan Institute Research and Clinical Center for Infertility and Reproductive Health / King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre

Universities and Institutes:

Europe:

North America:

Asia:

Chulalongkorn University / Tsinghua University / Kyushu University / Hokkaido University / Sri Ram Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital / Tohoku University / National Taiwan University (NTU) / National Yang-Ming University / Madras Medical College, Chennai / All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi / Osaka University / Nagoya University / Fudan University / National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) / The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) / Keio University International Center / Thrissur Govt. Medical College, Thrissur / Government Medical College, Kozhikode / Peking University / Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram / Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research - [IPGMER], Kolkata / Taipei Medical University / Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore / Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) / Kyoto University / Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) / KAIST - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology / University of Hong Kong (HKU) / Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai / Capital University of Medical Sciences / Mahidol University / Nanyang Technological University (NTU) / University of Delhi / SMS Medical College, Jaipur / Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry / Christian Medical College, Vellore / King George's Medical University, Lucknow / National University of Singapore (NUS) / Korea University / Beijing Normal University / University Putra Malaysia (UPM) / Kyung Hee University / Grant Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai / University Sains Malaysia (USM) / Sungkyunkwan University / Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai / University of the Philippines / Shanghai Jiao Tong University / University of Science and Technology of China / The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) / Yonsei University / The University of Tokyo

Middle East and other countries:

University of Cape Town / Bar Ilan University / University of South Africa / University of Queensland / King Saud University / Tel Aviv University / Ben Gurion University of the Negev / University of Johannesburg / University of Nairobi / University of Adelaide / University of Tehran / University of the Western Cape / University of Pretoria / Weizmann Institute of Science / University of Kwazulu Natal / University of New South Wales / University of Melbourne / Monash University / University of the Witwatersrand / Tehran University of Medical Sciences / Stellenbosch University / University of Auckland / Cairo University / Hebrew University of Jerusalem / University of Haifa / Technion Israel Institute of Technology / King Abdulaziz University / Australian National University / University of Sydney

Top Neurology Companies:

Europe:

AstraZeneca / Fujirebio Europe / Galen Limited / Bristol-Myers Squibb / OncoVison / Intento SA / Brainomix / reHaptix GmbH / Mintlabs / Advanced Accelerator Applications / To – BBB / DIVIDAT GMBH / Santhera Pharmaceuticals / Avergen / BioCrea / Vasopharm / BTG plc / Neurim Pharmaceuticals / Newron Pharmaceuticals

USA:

Teva / Biogen / Novartis / Janssen / Pfizer / Sanofi / Allergan / Takeda / Trevena / Medivation / AceIRx Pharmaceuticals / Selonterra / NeuroGenetic Pharmaceuticals / Neuropore Therapies / Neurocrine Biosciences / Denali Therapeutics / Cortexyme / Kezar Life Sciences / CANTA Bio / Aoxing Pharmaceutical / Cell>Point / NeuroSearch / Karuna Pharmaceuticals / Santhera Pharmaceuticals / EIP Pharma / Euthymics Biosciences / ADispell

Asia:

Qilu Pharmaceutical / Eisai / Rongchang / China Chemical & Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd / Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. / Aurobindo Pharma / Torrent Pharmaceuticals / Cadila Healthcare / Piramal Enterprises / Glenmark Pharmaceuticals / Biocon / Harbin Pharmaceutical Group / China National Pharmaceutical Group / Sinopharm Group / North China Pharmaceutical Group Corp / China Nepstar / WuXi AppTec / Tong Ren Tang

Jobs Opportunities in Neurology:

Europe:

Locum Consultant Neurologist / Sr CRA II - CNS - (United Kingdom) / Administration Specialist / Product Manager / Marketing - Student Placements 2018 / Clinical Trial Administrator / International Market Access Director / Neurology Consultant – Yorkshire Contract Clinical Project Manager / Acute Paediatric Speech and Language Therapist / Senior Account Executive / Senior Audiologist / Account Manager / Junior Specialist Doctors – Lower / Neurology SpR/Consultant – Norfolk / Trust Grade Doctor in Stroke Medicine / Clinical Sales Application Specialist - Blood Analysis / SMA Senior Medical Manager / Registered Nurse - Trustwide / Experienced Registered Nurse - Neurosciences / Sister/ Charge Nurse / Consultant in Diagnostic/Interventional Neuroradiology / Junior Specialist Doctor (Standard) in Neurology / Staff Nurse / Paediatric Department - Staff Nurse / Locum Band 6/7 Adults Speech and LanguageTherapist / Branch Manager/Sales & Marketing - Medical Technology / Consultant in Diagnostic/Interventional Neuroradiology / Senior Staff Nurse / Medical Manager / Medical Sales - Mobile Operating Theatres / Consultant Neurologist / Clinical Study Physician (Neurology) / Medical Manager – Neurology / Senior Medical Advisor – Immunology / European Medical Director – Psychiatry / Director of Clinical Research – Neurology / Senior Medical Manager, EMEA Neurology / Senior Medical Manager – Neuro

USA:

Asia:

Associate Consultant/ Consultant- DM Neurology / Consultant Doctor / Neuro Surgeon / Specialized and Super specialized Doctors / Associate Consultant / Neuro ICU/NCCU/Neuroscience Critical Care Unit-Nurse Manager / Orthopedic Neurology RN / Chief of Medical Staff / Pediatric Dentistry Consultant / Cancer Center Service Manager / Neuropsychiatrist / Stroke Neurologist / Research Associate / Researcher

Neurology Journals:

Motives to be at NEURO Conclave 2024:

Content to guide in your future research:
Neurology Conferences will help you to give a new way or path to your studies in the field. You can get a lot of ideas for your current research to draw a conclusion of your current work or you will get a better idea of where to invest your time and research. Neurology Conferences will shape your future with you to get the best out in you.
Get to know and learn most recent advancements:
If you wish to know most of the recent research and advancements made in the field of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Neurosurgery, we suggest you attend Neurology Conferences 2024. This Neurology Conferences will give you promising research ideas as well.
Discuss the various aspects of research and get intriguing ideas for research:
Neurology Conferences will give you various facets of research being delivered at the stage. This will help you to evaluate you’re your own research with a new perspective. Neurology Conferences will serve those who seek to research in this field by providing those tons of ideas to ponder and to invest their valuable time to achieve their lifetime goal.
Self-improvement:
Neurology Conferences will help you to improve yourself and your research by getting various insights from eminent personalities of the field. Neurology Conferences 2024 will show where you lag in your research, where you should put efforts and how to maximize your research with accuracy, will guide you to have a better future as a Researcher.
Networking with your peers:
Neurology Conferences will give the best opportunity to interact with your peers and your superiors to g=exchange some novel ideas and will provide you a chance to build a strong professional relationship between you and the attendees. Neurology Conference 202 4 will do so through networking sessions.
Witness the revelation of recent research:
Neurology Conferences will reveal some of the most recent studies and researches in Paris. These intriguing and informative studies will affect young researchers and students and motivate them to study hard. This will inspire them to invest time in their own research and in the future, they will reveal their crucial researches through Neurology Conferences 202 4.
Get every bit what you had paid:
Neurology Conferences is committed and bound to produce a successful conference. We are trying to accumulate world-class speakers with great research to reveal at Neurology Conferences 2024. This is possible only when we will have your support as well. So please do share the words of the conference with your colleagues and contacts so that we have the most number of participants.
Inspiration and motivation to achieve new heights:
Neurology Conferences is the one that will inspire you to achieve new milestones in research by giving ideas and fuel to the ideas you have. Neurology Conferences 2024 will help you to get your dreams to come true by making you realize that you have the potential to unleash your acumen by your researches.